Japan has universal coverage with private health care suppliers where prices are all standardized as are the terms of every procedure but private providers still compete to offer the best service and to increase efficiency. The result is Japan has no waiting lists, has lots and lots of private providers (more per capita then the US), they get some of the best health care in the world, but they pay 1/2 to 1/3 what Americans do.
As a former healthcare consumer in Japan, I can tell you that their healthcare system sucks.
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