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1. You are grabbed from behind. The attacker puts you in a choking hold.
First thing you do, no matter what your fighting style is, is to tuck your chin into your chest as much as possible. If you're fast enough, he will not be able to get a choke at all, and even if not the strength of his choke will be diminished.
From here, there's a few things you can do. The first one is to heel kick him in the groin, although this is a little iffy depending on where he is standing - if he's doing this correctly, it won't work. The next thing you can do, if you are wearing heavy shoes, is raise one of your legs and scrape your heel down his shin as hard as you can to create pain. Once his grip begins to loosen, grab his wrist with one hand and reach under his arm with the other. Immediately thereafter, what you want to do is to hip throw him (which I won't bother describing in writing). Make sure you retain control of his arm once he's on the ground, and fall back into an armbar, and break his arm. If he still needs subduing, which is unlikely, feel free to take one hand, press on his cheek and chin so that his head is pinned to the ground, and hit him as many times as desired in the side of the head/face with either an elbow (preferable) or with what is known as a palm strike. Don't hit him with your fist unless it is unavoidable.
Another approach is to reach back and gouge at his eyes, which may or may not be effective. If you miss, you are really in trouble because now he has control of your arms.
A further solution one can try is elbows into his kidneys, if the positioning is right, followed up by the technique I described above.
The final thing to do, and this is what I would prefer to do, is as follows:
Tuck my chin and grab his arm with both hands, pinning it against my chest in such a way as he can't choke me and can't draw it back.
Use leverage to push off his arm and turn into him, keeping my head down. Optimally, I will end up with my head tucked behind one shoulder pushing into his chest, although it is also acceptable to be face to face with him.
From there, I would use a Muay Thai/BJJ technique to close any remaining distance and gain the inside - meaning my arms are on the inside of his, preferably grabbing up the back of his neck.
At this point, I would probably knee him in the groin to double him over a little bit, followed up by repeated knees to the head.
If he knew how to fight, and avoided knees, I would instead go for a basic front takedown, and work grappling against him, because most people are not skilled ground fighters.
My final option, if he was defending against a takedown, would be to head butt him in the face and push away from him, creating space in which I could work either boxing or thai boxing.
Somebody chokes you with both hands from the front.
All you have to do to avoid this ridiculous choke is to push both your arms up between his, and push outwards with your forearms while grabbing up the back of his neck. Once his grip is loosened, step back with one foot while pulling his head down as hard as you can. Once his head is down, follow it up with a knee to the head with the foot you stepped back with, and repeat as necessary.
In this situation, eye gouging is also a possibility, but I wouldn't do it because it is easy for your attacker to evade, and even if he lets go it's worse for you. Here's why. If someone is front choking you, they are being stupid. You are in control of the situation because you know it is hard to choke someone out from that position, but very easy to get out of the choke and control the attacker, ending the fight. If you let them out of this situation, without causing damage, you have no idea what they will do next - they might do something right, and hurt you. Might as well let them think they are in control for the 1 second it takes to start the technique I described. It's all downhill for them from there.
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