Tweet
Btw, this sounds quite like Afghanistan today (or, of course, Phillippines today):
Warfare continued in the northern provinces of the Philippines, but in November of 1902 the U.S. Philippine Commission passed the "Bandolerismo Statute" or "Brigandage Act" which defined all further armed resistance to U.S. rule as banditry.(4) Warfare continued but the war was essentially defined away, and the last holdouts among the Filipino officers on the northern front were hanged as bandits in 1907. Their deaths provided the U.S. with the opportunity to establish the Philippine Assembly that year; its creation was delayed until "pacification" was complete in the northern islands. While those events were taking place in the north, the United States opened the war's second front against the Muslim Filipinos of the southern Philippines. The Bates Agreement negotiated in 1899 had forestalled warfare with the Muslim Filipinos by promising them autonomy. In early 1903 U.S. troops were ordered to occupy the southern islands. Moro Province was formed under U.S. military rule in September and in March of 1904 the U.S. unilaterally abrogated the Bates Agreement. Two of the worst massacres of the war occurred in the south in 1906 and 1913, and the U.S. military government of Moro Province was not lifted until December 1913.(5) Mark Twain continued to write about the war until shortly before his death because the war was still going on.
Warfare continued in the northern provinces of the Philippines, but in November of 1902 the U.S. Philippine Commission passed the "Bandolerismo Statute" or "Brigandage Act" which defined all further armed resistance to U.S. rule as banditry.(4) Warfare continued but the war was essentially defined away, and the last holdouts among the Filipino officers on the northern front were hanged as bandits in 1907. Their deaths provided the U.S. with the opportunity to establish the Philippine Assembly that year; its creation was delayed until "pacification" was complete in the northern islands. While those events were taking place in the north, the United States opened the war's second front against the Muslim Filipinos of the southern Philippines. The Bates Agreement negotiated in 1899 had forestalled warfare with the Muslim Filipinos by promising them autonomy. In early 1903 U.S. troops were ordered to occupy the southern islands. Moro Province was formed under U.S. military rule in September and in March of 1904 the U.S. unilaterally abrogated the Bates Agreement. Two of the worst massacres of the war occurred in the south in 1906 and 1913, and the U.S. military government of Moro Province was not lifted until December 1913.(5) Mark Twain continued to write about the war until shortly before his death because the war was still going on.
Comment