Both unions and cartels attempt to exploit rents from those entry barriers. That's their purpose.
Cartels in industries with high entry barriers tend to be more effective than those in industries with low entry barriers. A cartel of, say, oil refiners would be more effective than a cartel of retail gasoline sellers, because oil refineries are big, expensive and take forever to build, while gas stations are relatively cheap and quick to set up. Similarly, a union of skilled tradespeople who work in an industry with large sunk costs in unmoveable equipment or unshippable goods/services will be far more effective than a union of unskilled workers who produce easily tradeable goods on cheap machines. This is why the UAW was so effective at providing its members with abovemarket wages.
					Cartels in industries with high entry barriers tend to be more effective than those in industries with low entry barriers. A cartel of, say, oil refiners would be more effective than a cartel of retail gasoline sellers, because oil refineries are big, expensive and take forever to build, while gas stations are relatively cheap and quick to set up. Similarly, a union of skilled tradespeople who work in an industry with large sunk costs in unmoveable equipment or unshippable goods/services will be far more effective than a union of unskilled workers who produce easily tradeable goods on cheap machines. This is why the UAW was so effective at providing its members with abovemarket wages.


 
							
						
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