Union shops and closed shops are fundamentally different institutions. If new employees in a union shop are able to convince the majority of employees to not require union membership (and they're legally required to have at least a month), they don't need one.
*gasp* Heaven forbid if the majority of the employees decide not to be forced into a union which may not serve their interests!
And I'd say they're basically the same. Either way, you gotta be part of the union to work (if the new employees convince a majority to not make union membership mandatory then it ain't a union shop anymore).

. I wouldn't say they outlived their usefulness, just some have. But dock workers and longshoremen have VERY powerful unions anywhere you go in the US. It is difficult to replace them if they go on strike and they know that, so they get paid very, very, very well.
What if a non-union guy is super qualified? He can't say to the boss, tell you what, I'll work for you if my salary is 10% more?
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