On the much debated 'border realism' issue.
Since I don't think anybody disputes borders in Industrial or Modern ages let's talk about ancient times. This is where cultural influence idea comes into play - in ancient times the land wasn't really vacant: there were small barbarian tribes that occasionally got organized (mostly for war purposes). These tribes had no agriculture and were constantly migrating inevitably stumbling on a city or its outskirts and being awed by stories about migthy armies and cultural achievements of that city's civilization. When they moved on they passed the knowledge to other tribes they met and this is what's called cultural influence in ancient times.
That's exactly why barbarians who besieged Rome weren't the same barbarians that set out to destroy the Roman empire. The closer they got to the borders (and the further within them) the more 'civilized' they became until finally, after besieging Rome itself, all they wanted was to become Roman citizens!
Coming back to the 'scout on the mountain seeing borders' issue: that scout is not only seeing the signs of civilization (farms, roads etc.) but also gets info from the local tribes and can hence make an educated guess as to where a border and a city might be.
Since I don't think anybody disputes borders in Industrial or Modern ages let's talk about ancient times. This is where cultural influence idea comes into play - in ancient times the land wasn't really vacant: there were small barbarian tribes that occasionally got organized (mostly for war purposes). These tribes had no agriculture and were constantly migrating inevitably stumbling on a city or its outskirts and being awed by stories about migthy armies and cultural achievements of that city's civilization. When they moved on they passed the knowledge to other tribes they met and this is what's called cultural influence in ancient times.
That's exactly why barbarians who besieged Rome weren't the same barbarians that set out to destroy the Roman empire. The closer they got to the borders (and the further within them) the more 'civilized' they became until finally, after besieging Rome itself, all they wanted was to become Roman citizens!
Coming back to the 'scout on the mountain seeing borders' issue: that scout is not only seeing the signs of civilization (farms, roads etc.) but also gets info from the local tribes and can hence make an educated guess as to where a border and a city might be.
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