Announcement

**Lucky** · July 2, 2000, 19:03

hello,

The med mod 3 is great so far, Wes. Only played about 350 years, but its like a whole new game to me. The AI seems to be better with the city placement, and the millitias are a great concept! I like the new wonders/units too!
Also, the read me files are great! Considering that i haven't played CTP in over 5 months, i was able to get everything set-up and jump right in with no problems at all.
Great work, to everyone that contributed to those files.

Your new mod (above) also sounds great. I'm glad the U-Boat will finally be used. I can't say much about its creators, but it was a great piece of machinery for its era.

don't have much time, but i'm curious about CTP 2...
I thought it had already been released, but apparently i was wrong. Last night i had time to read some official news and a few reviews, but i didn't learn too much. If someone would post a link to a good source of detailed information, i'll check it out the next time i get back here. thanks

Lucky

**Pintello** · July 3, 2000, 08:39

Hi Wes,

Your new mod looks great. I would like to make one suggestion. Instead of having the Ship_of_the_Line going obsolete with Iron Clad, make it go obsolete with the destroyer or possibly add a new unit called a Steam Cruiser and make it go obsolete with this unit.

I suggest this, because the way you have it now, when you discover Steam Engine and are able to build Ironclads, you loose the ability to build naval units that can be used to project power over seas across deep water. I am bring this up now, because I am in a game where I need to build ships to project power across deep water and I can't because I have Ironclads. No enemy ships survive that gets close to my shores, but I can't send anything out to them that can play merry havoc with their shipping closer to home because I can no longer build Ships of the Line. In fact I never could build Ships of the Line because I got Steam Engine from the Great Library before I got around to researching Chronometer.

This is not a problem with the Ironclad because that unit is limited to shallow water and should be. Everyone of those units that ever got into deep water sunk and for good reason. They were not deep sea vessles. Also, the Monitor, which your Ironclad is based on was actually contemporary with Ships of the Line anyway. It was built to go after the Confederate Ironclads which were specifically built to counter the Union's Ships of the Line, so having them contemporary with your Ironclads would not be historically inaccurate anyway.

A possible other solution is to rename the Ironclad to the Monitor and create a new unit called an Ironclad which would represent the first Iron Steamships that were designed for deep waters. This looks like the way Activision is going with their Ironclad in CTP2. Technically that is what the first real Ironclad was anyway. The Monitor and Merrimack were their own ship class and both sides built several of them.

Just my 2 cents worth.

Regards,

Timothy Pintello

**Harlan** · July 3, 2000, 15:10

Wes,
Nice to see all these new things are being planned. However, a few quibbles:

Leathernecks- what's that?

Inquisition- not a wonder IMHO. Torturing and/or killing a very large number of people and placing a name on it doesn't make it a wonder.

Mazquita- what is it?

Mao's Little Red Book- how about Great Leap Forward- sounds more like a wonder

Patent Office- doesn't sound wonderous. I imagine there are better ways to represent the explosion of inventions

Master Race- now here's one I REALLY have to take offense with. Not 'wonderous'. If you want a Fascist thing, how about the Nuremburg Rallies?

FDR's ERPs- Don't know what ERPs are, maybe you mean the New Deal?

Eradication of CFCs- to stop doing some stupid thing doesn't seem like a wonder to me either. Maybe if you framed it in terms of a global environmental treaty it would sound better.

Eradication of Small Pox- Again, doesn't sound like a wonder. How about Pasteur Institute?

Apollo Program- I'd give it the more generic Moon Landing name, in case some other country did it.

Other ideas:
Angkor Wat
The Vatican (why not just call a spade a spade instead of Sistine Chapel)
The Blue Mosque (in Instanbul, companion of Hagia Sophia, largest mosque built)
Potola Palace (that huge building in Lhasa, Tibet)
Grand Canal (in China)
St. Basil's Cathedral (Moscow)
Martin Luther's 95 Theses (I hope you aren't shy about having religious ones- this kind of balances having a Vatican)
Golden Gate Bridge
Empire State Building
World Bank
Wall Street
Prince Henry's Academy
Shakespeare's Plays
Space Station
Mars Landing
Moon Base
Kremlin
Trans-Siberian Railway
Eiffel Tower
Big Ben

something about Gandhi and/or Einstein

so many more one could think of!!! In general I like your changes, but I can get pretty picky .

also, if you go back in time a bit, there are all kinds of great ones to include, like the Kaaba, Dome of the Rock, Pyramid of the Sun, Asoka's Pillars, etc... in general I see wonders as a good way of getting lots of different cultures included, not just the popular theme of Ancient Greece -> Rome -> Western Europe -> England -> U.S.

[This message has been edited by Harlan (edited July 03, 2000).]

**WesW** · July 3, 2000, 15:22

Thanks for the cudos, guys. It's those responses that help make it all worthwhile. I mean, I *am* doing this for myelf mostly, but I have spent dozens of hours on the readmes and such, which I would not have done if I was just doing these mods for my own use. Of course, without the help of everyone else involved, this mod would never exist in the first place. I guess it shows the power of working together.

I do hope that Mark gets around to posting the new CtP files here soon (Locutus also has some waiting). I am sure there are many other things with the site that he is also working on.

Tim, excellent observation, as usual. I usually have about all the SotL's I need to take me through to Destroyers, but I see your point, and will make the change.

I spent last night making the Excel spreadsheets which show the unit stats as they will appear in the first beta of the mod. I have pasted them below, but they will be hard to read, I am sure. I will try and post a copy at my website later.
With the new upgrade cycle of units being added to the game, it has caused changes to *all* of the post-Renaissance age units. In addition, I have changed the roles of some of the existing units. I am eager for comments on them.
As I was pasting this in, one of the notes below caught my attention. It gave me an idea which has resulted in the addition of another unit and advance to the mod, and the shuffling around of some existing units and unit abilities. All this will be a definite improvement to the mod. I am going to edit my initial post to reflect the additions, so re-read it if necessary.

Notes:
1)The power of units generally doubles from one age to the next for the post-Renaissance Age units. This is a departure from the earlier ages, when unit power increased by 50% from one age to the next. Unit costs generally increase at a rate of about half that of power, plus increases due to added movement, special abilities, etc.
Ex: if a unit's power doubled from that of its predecessor, its cost would increase 50% over that of its predecessor.
2)Heavy AA guns also have the abilities of conventional Artillery.
3)Dreadnoughts and Destroyers cannot bombard air.
4)Leviathan loses size, attack & defense strength, and focuses on Artillery & SAM duties.
5)Space Plane movement reduced to 8, since it was made for space travel, not air travel.

Advances changes:
Tank Warfare re-named Mobile Warfare.
Jet Propulsion re-inserted into original spot.
Combined Arms moved to the Tank Warfare advance line.

Boundary advances:
Modern-to-Genetic: Rocketry, Global Defense, Robotics
Genetic-to-Diamond: Smart Materials, Microcomputers, Neural Interface

LAND UNITS
Unit/Age Cost SUP Att Ran Def HP FP Mo Vi Available Obsolete
ANCIENT AGE
Settler 400 0 0 0 1 10 2 1 1
Warrior 105 3 1 0 1 10 2 1 2 Toolmaking Bureaucracy
Phalanx 120 3 1 0 2 10 2 1 1 Bronze Working Theology
Mounted Ar 180 5 1 1 1 10 2 3 2 Domestication Stirrup
Javelin Cav. 210 7 2 0 1 15 2 3 1 Domestication Chivalry
Legion 180 6 2 0 1 15 2 1 1 Iron Working Banking
Archer 150 4 1 1.5 1 10 2 1 1 Stone Working Engineering

MEDIEVAL AGE
Fyrdman 180 4.5 1 0 2 15 2 1 1 Theology Firearms
Horse Archer 360 16 2 2 1 20 2 4 2 Stirrup Cavalry Tactics
Samurai 280 12 3 0 1 20 2 1 1 Banking Mech. Clock
Siege Engine 350 10 1 4 1 10 3 1 1 Engineering Gunpowder
Knight 330 16 3 0 2 20 2 3 1 Chivalry Cavalry Tactics

RENAISSANCE AGE
Arquebusier 360 9 1 2 2 15 3 1 1 Firearms Flintlock
Pikemen 375 12 3 0 1.5 20 3 1 1 Mech. Clock Flintlock
Bombard 425 12 2 6 1 10 3 1 1 Gunpowder Cannon Making
Cavalry 375 16 3 0 2 15 3 4 2 Cavalry Tank Warfare
Spy 450 14 2 2 Republic Communism

INDUSTRIAL AGE
Musketeers 540 16 4 3 4 15 3 1 1 Flintlock Repeating Rifles
Cannon 540 16 3 8 3 10 3 1 1 Cannon Making Explosives

MODERN AGE
Riflemen 900 25 8 0 8 15 3 2 1 Repeating Rifles Global Defense
Leathernecks 1350 45 10 0 8 15 3 2 1 Amphib. War. Gene. Tailoring
Airborne 1350 45 8 0 8 15 3 2 2 Autobahn Cryonics
Mech. Inf 1350 45 10 0 8 15 3 4 2 Internal Comb. Ecotopia
Howitzer 1100 31 5 16 5 10 3 1 1 Explosives Adv. Ceramics
Self-Prop Gun 1650 50 5 16 5 10 3 4 1 Refrigeration Adv. Ceramics
Heavy AA Gun 750 21 5 10 5 20 3 1 1 Rocketry Conservation
Armor 1800 60 15 8 9 20 3 4 2 Mobile Warfare Adv. Mob. War.

GENETIC AGE
Machine Gunner 1350 34 12 0 12 20 3 2 1 Global Defense Cybernetics
Marines 2000 67 15 0 12 20 3 2 1 Gene Tailoring Mind Control
Paratrooper 2000 67 12 0 12 20 3 2 2 Cryonics Asteroid Mining
Stormtrooper 2000 67 15 0 12 20 3 4 2 Human Cloning Neural Interface
Artillery 1600 46 7 24 7 10 4 2 1 Adv. Ceramics Technocracy
Mobile SAM 1125 30 3 16 3 25 4 4 1 Conservation Neural Interface
Tank 2700 90 20 16 13 20 4 4 2 Adv. Mob. War. Digital Encrypt.

DIAMOND AGE
Plasmatica 2000 50 18 0 18 20 4 3 1 Cybernetics Null
Space Marines 3000 100 24 0 18 20 4 3 1 Mind Control
Swarm 3000 100 18 0 18 20 4 3 2 Asteroid Mining
War Walker 3300 100 17 24 12 25 5 4 2 Neural Interface
Leviathan 3750 107 12 36 12 25 5 3 3 Technocracy
Hovertank 5000 165 28 22 20 25 5 6 2 Digital Encrypt.

SEA and AIR UNITS
Unit Cost SUP At Ra De HP FP Mo Tr/fu Available Obsolete
NAVAL UNITS
Trireme 175 5 1 0 1 10 2 3 2 Ship Building Hull Making
Greek Fire 300 9 3 1 1 10 2 3 1 Mapmaking Magnetism
Longship 300 9 2 0 2 10 2 3 2 Hull Making Magnetism
Caravel 540 15 3 3 3 10 3 5 2 Magnetism Chronometer
Galleon 500 15 2 2 2 10 3 4 4 Ocean Faring Oil Refining
Ship of Line 800 23 5 6 5 10 3 5 2 Chronometer Steam Engine
Ironclad 700 17 5 6 5 15 3 5 0 Steam Engine Oil Refining
Troop Ship 1200 30 0 6 4 15 3 6 6 Oil Refining Mass Media
Destroyer 1200 34 10 10 8 15 3 7 1 Oil Refining Computer
Dreadnought 2200 63 14 14 12 20 3 6 0 Steel Radio
U-Boat 1200 32 22 10 5 10 3 4 1 Telephone Micro-comp.
Battleship 3250 110 20 20 18 20 4 6 0 Steel Robotics
Carrier 1900 60 5 9 6 15 3 6 4air Aerodynamics Space Flight
Liberty Ship 1500 38 0 8 6 15 3 6 9 Mass Media Null
Missile Frigate 1800 50 11 11 9 20 4 7 1 Computer Unified Phys.
Nuclear Carrier 2900 90 6 10 8 20 4 5 6air Space Flight Null
Submarine 1800 50 25 12 6 10 4 5 2ld/mi Micro-comp. Molecular Com
Missile Cruiser 3500 90 22 22 20 20 4 6 3mi. Robotics Unified Phys.
Plasma Destroyer 5000 145 32 30 25 25 5 8 4mi. Unified Phys. Null
Stealth Sub. 2700 80 25 12 6 15 5 6 4mi. Molecular Com Null
Phantom 4250 110 24 22 18 20 5 5 4mi. Mind Control
Star Cruiser 7500 200 40 36 30 30 5 5 5mi. Nano-Assem.

AIR UNITS
Fighter 1200 30 4 6 4 20 3 7 /14 Flight Space Flight
Dive Bomber 1050 30 1 9 2 20 3 6 /12 Mass Prod. Comb. Arms
Bomber 1800 52 3 14 3 20 3 10 /30 Aerodynamics Adv. Comp.
Interceptors 1800 45 6 9 6 20 4 10 /20 Space Flight Smart Mat.
Helicopter 1600 45 2 14 3 20 4 7 /14 Comb. Arms Smart Mat.
Stealth Bomber 2700 80 4 22 4 20 4 15 2mi. Adv. Comp. Zero-G Ind.
Cruise Missile 375 12 0 22 0 5 4 6 Micro-comp. Null
Space Fighter 3000 75 9 14 9 25 5 8 /16 Smart Mat.
Space Bomber 4400 132 6 34 6 25 5 10 4mi. Zero-G Ind.

**WesW** · July 3, 2000, 16:17

quote:

Originally posted by Harlan on 07-03-2000 03:10 PM
Wes,
Nice to see all these new things are being planned. However, a few quibbles:

Leathernecks- what's that?

WWII-era Marines. I had trouble coming up with good names for some of the new units, as you can see. Suggestions are welcome. I want to keep the current names with the current sprites, however, to avoid confusion, which means I don't want to give the name Marines to this unit, and re-name the existing one.

Inquisition- not a wonder IMHO. Torturing and/or killing a very large number of people and placing a name on it doesn't make it a wonder.

Well, it was a huge event in European history, taking huge amounts of effort to conduct. Also, I thought its effects made for a good Wonder for this time period. I can see interesting applications for it in given circumstances.
Humanity has done many things that make you wonder- wonder at the ignorance and cruelty of them. Many of the things that could be called Wonders could be seen as good or bad by different people.

Mazquita- what is it?

The Great Mosque of Cordoba. I want it to signify the scholarship of Moorish Spain as well as be a religious structure.

Mao's Little Red Book- how about Great Leap Forward- sounds more like a wonder

Well, the effects of this Wonder are more psychological than material, so I am sure if your suggestion would qualify, either. Wasn't the Great Leap a disaster in every way?

Patent Office- doesn't sound wonderous. I imagine there are better ways to represent the explosion of inventions

I won't disagree with you on this one. Suggestions are welcome.

Master Race- now here's one I REALLY have to take offense with. Not 'wonderous'. If you want a Fascist thing, how about the Nuremburg Rallies?

The Nuremburg Rallies doesn't fit the Wonder effect, imo. The master race program did exist, and it fits right in with the time period and effects of this Wonder. Mankind has made many 'great' achievements in the 20th century that were used for evil.

FDR's ERPs- Don't know what ERPs are, maybe you mean the New Deal?

Sorry. I thought I used the long name here. ERP- Economic Recovery Programs. It does stand for all the Works programs.

Eradication of CFCs- to stop doing some stupid thing doesn't seem like a wonder to me either. Maybe if you framed it in terms of a global environmental treaty it would sound better.

This name was the best I could come with last Thursday night.
Do you realize how much better this world would be if people simply stopped doing stupid things?

Eradication of Small Pox- Again, doesn't sound like a wonder. How about Pasteur Institute?

My first idea for this Wonder was to relate it to Pasteur's work. I will wait to see what John thinks of your idea. He was the one who promoted recognizing the WHO effort referred to here. I do know that it was a major undertaking, and that Small Pox was killing 2 million people a year as late as the early 70's.
I think that the advance I made for it needs to be there as well.

Other ideas:
Angkor Wat
The Vatican (why not just call a spade a spade instead of Sistine Chapel)

To me, the Vatican and the Catholic heirarchy it represents mean more and different things than what this Wonder does.

The Blue Mosque (in Instanbul, companion of Hagia Sophia, largest mosque built)

Now that I have explained the Mazquita, I think you see that this would be repetitive.

Potola Palace (that huge building in Lhasa, Tibet)

What effect would you suggest? What is its history?

Martin Luther's 95 Theses (I hope you aren't shy about having religious ones- this kind of balances having a Vatican)

This was definitely a major event in European history, but I don't what effects you would tie it to.

Space Station
Mars Landing
Moon Base

What effects do you have in mind?

Kremlin- done.
Trans-Siberian Railway- As a substitute for Trans-Atlantic Cable? Since regular Railroads also reduce distance penalties, I was thinking of something that would affect ocean distances primarily.
Eiffel Tower- John suggested this as well, but I think the Statue of Liberty is a better choice, unless you have other effects in mind.
Big Ben- if you could flag Wonders to act as city improvements, this would be a good one. I am not sure for CtP1. Keep this in mind for CtP2?

something about Gandhi and/or Einstein

Something relating to Ghandi might substitute for the Equal Rights Movement, though I think the ERM is a pretty strong idea.

also, if you go back in time a bit, there are all kinds of great ones to include, like the Kaaba, Dome of the Rock, Pyramid of the Sun, etc... in general I see wonders as a good way of getting lots of different cultures included, not just the popular theme of Ancient Greece -> Rome -> Western Europe -> England -> U.S.

New ideas are always welcome. The more detailed you can be with your suggestions, the better. The devil is in the details when it comes to thinking these things up. You have to keep in mind the time period, how it would affect gameplay at that stage of the game, how it fits in with other Wonders and available advances (the Advances Chart is now full for the 19th and 20th centuries), etc.

**dbrowski** · July 3, 2000, 17:38

Can't wait for the beta!

I like the use of wonders such as master race and the inquisition because it allows for both positive and negative effects from a wonder.

On a different note, has anyone else noted that with the Med Mod there is a slight happiness discrepency in the early part of the game. For example, your happiness for a given city may be shown as 72 on the max and city screens, but when you check the happiness breakdown it will appear your happiness should be 73(i.e. +4 for martial law, buildings, etc. and -4 for city size, etc.).

I am almost positive this is due to the pollution associated with the forge improvement. It seems the forge generates a small amount of pollution unhapiness before there is even a 'base pollution' value for the given city. (If you check the pollution tab there will be none). I eliminated the pollution aspect of the forge before my last game and this 'bug' or whatever you would call it didn't occur.

I would recommend making this change and either adding pollution somewhere else, or tweaking the base pollution rate by a small fraction to make up the difference. Anyway, the forge, while certainly a dirty place, is available well before the effects of civilization made any impact on the environment. (I guess this is represented in the game, too, because whatever advances & city sizes that cause that first 'base pollution' number to appear occur well after iron working and the forge).

Lastly, I know it must be alot of tedious work, but were you planning on fixing or in some cases adding the text associated with the different improvements and wonders on the production screen. I, and many others I'm sure, have played the mod alot and used the GL to look things up and at this point know what's up. But I imagine it would be confusing to someone just starting out with the mod as some of the text are actually inaccurate(mill, factory, etc.) and many are missing.

The game is awsome, btw and I can't wait to try the new version.(Sorry if this post belongs in the other thread.)

**WesW** · July 3, 2000, 18:03

I have uploaded the current version of the Med charts and Advances Chart to my website. They are in a zip file below the three Med mod 3 components.

dbrowski, I have noticed the periodic happiness descrepancy, but put it down as being related to overall happiness levels. The average happiness of your cities can tip a given city's level if it is on the border between two levels. At least this is what I understand. If anyone knows for sure, please let us know.

We tried to make sure that all of the 'preqs' and 'varis' (the info to the right and left of the pics in the gl) in the mod were correct. Some of the gameplay gls may be outdated (the descriptions below the pic). If anyone comes across specific examples, email me with a list, and I will correct them for the med mod 4.

**hexagonian** · July 4, 2000, 00:47

Man, this just gets better and better

I'm thoroughly enjoying the Medieval Mod, and now I have to get ready to download another Mod soon. Will I ever get a chance to finish a game?

BTW, I'm currently in 1300AD, and the techs are flowing very closly to the time period. And the naval battles are fun too (look ma - a stack of ships).

**WesW** · July 4, 2000, 00:55

I think it was in this thread that someone mentioned the AI's running their aircraft out of fuel, and losing them. I have seen this as well, and I think I may have stumbled upon the reason while working on the help_str.
Originally, aircraft had at least three turns of fuel. CD changed this to two turns for his mod, I believe. Well, something like fuel management is probably hard-coded into the dlls for the AIs. This would mean that they are set up to use all aircraft as if they had at least three turns of fuel, regardless of the actual settings. I know that the game still distributes slaves to cities as if one unit could control three slaves, regardless of the fact that CD changed this to two. I am theorizing that something like this pertains to fuel management as well.
I have therefore given all air units at least three units of fuel, and lowered their per-turn range a little. I hope that this reasoning is correct, and that the game doesn't manage fuel based upon the original total number of squares the unit could cover, or something like that.

Btw, I am still discussing wonder names and effects with John. If anyone has specific suggestions, write in!

**Harlan** · July 4, 2000, 03:49

Here's some background info on some of the wonders. This was largely taken from www.britannica.com- a great free on-line encyclopedia. Its probably too much info on each, but I don't wanna take the time to edit these down. I recommend going to Britannica for info on other wonders, plus to see the pictures.

POTALA PALACE

Immense religious and administrative complex situated atop Mar-po-ri (Red Mountain), 425 feet (130 metres) above the Lhasa River valley in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Potrang Karpo (completed 1648; the White Palace) once served as the seat of the Tibetan government and the main residence of the Dalai Lama; from the mid-18th century it was used as a winter palace. Potrang Marpo (1694; the Red Palace) houses several chapels, sacred statues, and the tombs of eight Dalai Lamas; it remains a major pilgrimage site for Tibetan Buddhists.

King Srong-brtsan-sgam-po commissioned the building of a palace in Lhasa in the 7th century. Significantly smaller and less elaborate than its 5-square-mile (13-square-km) successor, it was named the Potala ("Pure Land," or "High Heavenly Realm") for reasons that are not historically documented, although Mount Potala in India seems the likely source. Tibetan Buddhists acknowledge the Dalai Lama as the incarnation of Avalokitesvara, a bodhisattva whose home was on Mount Potala.

Srong-brtsan-sgam-po's palace was destroyed by the Chinese, and in 1645 the fifth Dalai Lama ordered the construction of a new castle that could accommodate his role as both a religious and a government leader. Lhasa was again chosen as the location because of its importance as a pilgrimage site and its proximity to the three main Buddhist monasteries of Sera, 'Bras-spungs (Drepung), and Dga'-Idan (Ganden). The new Potala was built on Mar-po-ri for the security provided by an elevated position; until its use declined in the mid-18th century, the Potala was a major Tibetan military fortress.

Of more than 1,000 rooms in the Potala, the ones considered most holy are the Chogyal Drubphuk and the Phakpa Lhakhang, remnants from the original palace of Srong-brtsan-sgam-po; the latter houses the sacred Arya Lokesvara (Avalokitesvara) statue. More than 200,000 statues and 10,000 altars are located within the sacred complex. Its value was recognized by China's Cultural Relics Commission, and the palace was spared during the Cultural Revolution. The Potala was named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1994.

THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE

For over a century, the Pasteur Institute has been at the forefront of the battle against infectious disease. This worldwide biomedical research organization, based in Paris, was first to isolate the AIDS virus in 1983. Over the years, it has been responsible for breakthrough discoveries that have enabled medical science to control such virulent diseases as diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, influenza, yellow fever and plague. Since 1908, eight Pasteur Institute scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology.

A private, non-profit organization, the Pasteur Institute was founded in 1887 by Louis Pasteur, the French scientist whose early experiments with fermentation led to pioneering research in bacteriology. A giant in science, Pasteur discovered the principle of sterilization which came to be known as "pasteurization." His discoveries led to the universal practice of surgical asepsis. He also developed techniques of vaccination to control bacterial infection, as well as a successful vaccine to treat rabies.

Louis Pasteur was committed both to basic research and its practical applications. His successors have sustained this tradition, and it is reflected in the Pasteur Institute's unique history of accomplishment. During Pasteur's lifetime, his colleagues Émile Roux and Alexandre Yersin discovered how to treat diphtheria with antitoxins; Elie Metchnikoff received the Nobel Prize in 1908 for contributions to scientific understanding of the immune system and Jules Bordet received the prize in 1919 for his discoveries on immunity. Charles Nicolle received it in 1928 for unraveling the mystery of how typhus is transmitted.

A new age of preventative medicine in France was made possible by such developments from the Pasteur Institute as vaccines for tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, yellow fever, poliomyelitis, and hepatitis B. The discovery and use of sulfanomides in treating infections was another breakthrough.

Since World War II, Pasteur researchers have sharply focused on molecular biology. Their achievements were recognized in 1965, when the Nobel Prize was shared by François Jacob, Jacques Monod and André Lwoff for their work on the regulation of viruses.

Today, the Pasteur Institute is one of the world's leading research centers; it houses 100 research units and close to 2700 people, including 500 permanent scientists and another 600 scientists visiting from 70 countries annually. The Pasteur Institute is also a global network of 24 foreign institutes devoted to medical problems in developing nations; a graduate study center and an epidemiological screening unit.

KAABA

Small shrine located near the centre of the Great Mosque in Mecca and considered by Muslims everywhere to be the most sacred spot on Earth. Muslims orient themselves toward this shrine during the five daily prayers, bury their dead facing its meridian, and cherish the ambition of visiting it on pilgrimage, in accord with the command of God in the Qur'an.

The cube-shaped structure, constructed of gray stone and marble, is oriented so that its corners roughly correspond to the points of the compass. The interior contains nothing but the three pillars supporting the roof and a number of suspended silver and gold lamps. During most of the year the Ka'bah is covered with an enormous cloth of black brocade, the kiswah.

Located in the eastern corner of the Ka'bah is the Black Stone of Mecca, whose now-broken pieces are surrounded by a ring of stone and held together by a heavy silver band. According to popular legend, this stone was given to Adam on his expulsion from paradise in order to obtain forgiveness of his sins. Legend has it that the stone was originally white but has become black by absorbing the sins of the countless thousands of pilgrims who have kissed and touched it.

Every Muslim who makes the pilgrimage is required to walk around the Ka'bah seven times, during which process he kisses and touches the Black Stone. When the month of pilgrimages (Dhu al-Hijjah) is over, a ceremonial washing of the Ka'bah takes place; religious officials as well as pilgrims take part.

The early history of the Ka'bah is not well known, but it is certain that in the period before the rise of Islam it was revered as a sacred sanctuary and was a site of pilgrimage. The Qur'an says of Abraham and Ishmael that they "raised the foundations" of the Ka'bah. The exact sense is ambiguous, but Muslim legend has interpreted the phrase to mean that they rebuilt a shrine first erected by Adam of which only the foundations still existed. The Ka'bah has been destroyed, damaged, and subsequently rebuilt several times. In 930 the Black Stone itself was carried away by the fanatics of the Qaramitah sect and held almost 20 years for ransom. Early in his prophetic ministry Muhammad seems to have disregarded the Ka'bah, but, after his emigration to Medina and his difficulties there with the Jews, he changed the direction toward which the prayer is recited from Jerusalem to the Ka'bah. When he took Mecca (630), he caused the pagan idols within and surrounding the sanctuary to be destroyed and had the building cleansed of the pagan pictures covering its interior. The Ka'bah has been the focal point of Muslim piety ever since.

SAINT PETER'S BASILICA

also called NEW ST. PETER'S BASILICA, present basilica of St. Peter's in Rome, begun by Pope Julius II in 1506 and completed in 1615 under Paul V. It is designed as a three-aisled Latin cross with a dome at the crossing, directly above the high altar, which covers the shrine of St. Peter the Apostle. The edifice--the church of the popes--is a major pilgrimage site.

The idea of building the church was conceived by Pope Nicholas V (reigned 1447-55), who was prompted by the state in which he found Old St. Peter's Basilica--walls leaning far out of the perpendicular and frescoes covered with dust. In 1452 Nicholas ordered Bernardo Rossellino to begin the construction of a new apse west of the old one, but the work stopped with Nicholas' death. Paul II, however, entrusted the project to Giuliano da Sangallo in 1470.

On April 18, 1506, Julius II laid the first stone for the new basilica. It was to be erected in the form of a Greek cross according to the plan of Donato Bramante. On Bramante's death (1514) Leo X commissioned as his successors Raphael, Fra Giocondo, and Giuliano da Sangallo, who modified the original Greek-cross plan to a Latin cross with three aisles separated by pillars. The architects after Raphael's death in 1520 were Antonio da Sangallo the Elder, Baldassarre Peruzzi, and Andrea Sansovino.

After the sack of Rome in 1527, Paul III (reigned 1534-49) entrusted the undertaking to Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, who returned to Bramante's plan and erected a dividing wall between the area for the new basilica and the eastern part of the old one, which was still in use. On Sangallo's death (1546) Paul III commissioned the aged Michelangelo as chief architect, a post he held under Julius III and Pius IV. At the time of Michelangelo's death in 1564, the drum for the massive dome was practically complete. He was succeeded by Pirro Ligorio and Giacomo da Vignola. Gregory XIII (1572-85) placed Giacomo della Porta in charge of the work. The dome, modified from Michelangelo's design, was finally completed at the insistence of Sixtus V (1585-90), and Gregory XIV (1590-91) ordered the erection of the lantern above it. Clement VIII (1592-1605) demolished the apse of Old St. Peter's and erected the new high altar over the altar of Calixtus II.

Paul V (reigned 1605-21) adopted Carlo Maderno's plan, giving the basilica the form of a Latin cross by extending the nave to the east, thus completing the 615-foot- (187-metre-) long main structure. Maderno also completed the facade of St. Peter's and added an extra bay on each end to support campaniles. Although Maderno left designs for these campaniles, only one was built, and that was of a different design executed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in 1637. Under the commission of Alexander VII (1655-67) Bernini designed the elliptical piazza, outlined by colonnades, that serves as the approach to the basilica.

The interior of St. Peter's is filled with many masterpieces of Renaissance and Baroque art, among the most famous of which are Michelangelo's "Pietà," the baldachin over the main altar by Bernini, the statue of St. Longinus in the crossing, the tomb of Urban VIII, and the bronze cathedra of St. Peter in the apse.

Until 1989 St. Peter's was the largest church in Christendom. In that year its size was exceeded by that of the newly built basilica in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire.

GRAND CANAL

Wade-Giles romanization TA YÜN-HO, Pinyin DA YUNHE, series of waterways in North China that link Hang-chou in Chekiang province with Peking. Some 1,085 miles (1,747 km) in length, it is the world's longest man-made waterway, though not all of it is, strictly speaking, a canal. It was built to enable successive Chinese regimes to transport surplus grain from the agriculturally rich, relatively underpopulated Yangtze and Huai river valleys to feed the capital cities and large standing armies in North China.

The oldest part of the canal lies between the Yangtze and the city of Huai-yin (also called Ch'ing-chiang; in Kiangsu province), which was originally on the Huang Ho (Yellow River) when that river had a far more southerly course. This section, traditionally known as the Shan-yang Canal, in recent centuries has been called the Southern Grand Canal (Nan Yün-ho). This ancient waterway was possibly constructed as early as the 4th century BC, was rebuilt in AD 607, and has been used ever since.

The Sui dynasty (581-618) built the first great canal system in 607-610, constructing a northeast-southwest link from the Huang Ho (when the Huang had a northern course) to the Huai River. Known as the New Pien Canal, it remained the chief waterway throughout the T'ang period (618-907) and in the early Sung period (960-1126).

The need for a major transport link again arose under the Yüan (Mongol) dynasty (1279-1368), whose capital at Peking required a grain-supply system. In 1282-83 it was therefore decided to build a new canal from the Huang Ho--which since 1195 had changed its course southward to usurp the former mouth of the Huai below Huai-yin--to the Ta-ch'ing River in northern Shantung province, which was dredged to give an outlet to the sea. The mouth of the Ta-ch'ing, however, silted up almost immediately. An alternative canal, cut across the neck of the Shantung Peninsula from the harbour of Tsingtao to I-hsien, also proved impracticable and was abandoned. Eventually another stretch of canal, the Hui-t'ung Canal, was built to join Tung-a-chen on the Huang Ho with the Wei River at Lin-ch'ing. In this way, the modern Grand Canal came into being. During the Yüan period, however, canal transport was expensive and inefficient, and most grain went by sea.

At the beginning of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), the capital was at Nanking. After Peking again became the seat of government in 1403, the whole canal-- including the section from Lin-ch'ing on the Wei to its junction with the Huang Ho, which was dredged and repaired--remained in operation until the 19th century. It comprised six main sections: (1) a short canal from the outskirts of Peking to T'ung-chou, (2) a canalized river joining the Hai River to Tientsin and then joining the Wei River as far as Lin-ch'ing, (3) a section in Shantung rising over comparatively high ground from Lin-ch'ing to its highest point near Chi-ning and then falling again to a point near Süchow, a difficult stretch with a number of sluices and dams using water from a number of small rivers flowing off the T'ai Mountains and from the string of lakes southeast of Chi-ning, (4) a stretch from Süchow that followed the southern course of the Huang Ho as far as Huai-yin, (5) a section from Huai-yin following the ancient Shan-yang Canal south to Chen-chiang on the Yangtze, and (6) a section south of the Yangtze where the canal, there called the Chiang-nan Yün-ho, ran southeast then southwest for some 200 miles (320 km) via Su-chou to Hang-chou.

In the 19th century a series of disastrous floods broke the dikes of the Huang Ho (which began to move to its present northern course), caused great problems in the section of the canal between Süchow and Huai-yin, and cut across the canal between Lin-ch'ing and Chi-ning. After the Taiping Rebellion (1850-64) and the Nien Rebellion (1853-68), the use of the canal as the major supply line to Peking was abandoned, and the canal gradually fell into disrepair in its northern sections. After 1934 the Chinese Nationalist government carried out extensive works on the canal between Huai-yin and the Yangtze; ship locks were constructed to allow medium-sized steamers to use this section, which was dredged and largely rebuilt.

New work was begun under communist rule in 1958 to restore the whole system as a trunk waterway able to carry ships of up to 600 tons. Between 1958 and 1964 it was straightened, widened, and dredged, one new section 40 miles (64 km) long was constructed, and modern locks were added. The canal can now accommodate medium-sized barge traffic throughout its length. The main traffic, however, is concentrated in the southern half. The canal is also used to divert water from the Yangtze River to northern Kiangsu province for irrigation, making possible double cropping of rice.

**Harlan** · July 4, 2000, 04:33

Now, here are some comments of my own.

I generally greatly approve your unit modifications throughout your mod pack history. However, please no "leathernecks".
Isn't one kind of Marine enough? If not, maybe make Navy Seals the more modern version?

I can understand your take on the Inquisition, and can see the point about having a "bad" (morally) wonder. However, I still don't think the Inquisition is "wonder-worthy". Spain had a particularly hard time trying to get rid of Muslim beliefs from its population, so its as if it did a "reform city" command in all its cities. That is already provided for within CTP. Much like the Great Leap Forward (discussed below) its effects were far more negative than positive. Spain lost lots of money (from the Jews leaving Spain or dying) and fell behind technologically due to the intolerant atmosphere- its really more of an anti-wonder.

Mazquita. Glad to see that in there. That shouldn't mean no other Muslim related wonders though. The Cordoba wonder is a good science thing, but had very little religious impact. There are half a dozen mosques that are much more important religiously. Check out especially the Dome of the Rock and the Kaaba. Those are both much more important than the Blue Mosque, if you still have room for wonders of the 600-800 AD era. If any wonder deserves wonder status its the Kaaba- people praying to it five times a day, a billion plus people supposed to visit it at least once in their lifetimes, etc...

Great Leap Forward, you're right now that I think about it, it was a disaster. I was just groping for a different name than Little Red Book, which I still don't like (as a name).

Patent Office. On reflection, why have another wonder like this at all- the Edison's Lab covers this perfectly.

Master Race. I could see representing the Nazis with a wonder somehow- maybe call it Nazi Ideology. But "master race" I no like. Its true they did have a master race program, but you should know it was completely scientifically bunk. They did not understand genetics at all, equating smartness with a certain cranium size, certain nose shape, etc... Their breeding program also was doomed to failure. The Prussians in Fredrick's day tried already for a number of generations to breed super soldiers and failed miserably, again because of a total lack of understanding about genetics. If you have two very tall people and have them have children, their children will on average be taller than the mean, but there will be a general tendency to slide back to the mean. It takes a lot of generations to make any changes that way. Only nowdays with all the new breakthroughs in genetics is it maybe becoming possible to breed "super" people.

FDR's ERPs. Short name or long, New Deal sounds better.

Vatican. If you don't like Vatican, howabout St. Peter's Basilica. One of the most impressive architectural feats of all time (the largest dome in the world and largest enclosed space until recently), plus it symbolizes the genius of Michelangelo and other Renaissance guys AND contains the Sistine Chapel in it.

Potala Palace. I don't know the effect, but given that Buddhism is one of the major world religions, they should get at least one wonder I'd think. Also, incredibly awesome building!

Martin Luther's 95 Theses. Howabout immunity to religous attacks. Could be done through SLIC I imagine.

Future wonders like Mars Landing, I don't know the effects (that's up to you to figure out), they just sound like good ones to use.

Eiffel Tower. I don't see why it has to be either this one or Statue of Liberty, both are probably in the top five of most famous modern structures.

I would also like to see what you have to say about my other ideas, like:

Angkor Wat
Grand Canal (I really like this idea, would be a great food boosting wonder and help the pro-Europe bias problem)
Golden Gate Bridge
Empire State Building
World Bank
Wall Street
Prince Henry's Academy
Pyramid of the Sun
Dome of the Rock
Kaaba
Asoka's Pillars (a serious lack of Indian wonders in the game)

I know there are way too many wonders on Earth to include them all- I just want to make your choices more agonizing!

**wheathin** · July 4, 2000, 09:07

"Master Race", "Eugenics" - anything you call it is going to sound bad. How about "Blitzkreig" or "Shleiffen Plan" to reflect the military nature of the Wonder?

For money or production: Mines of Potosi. A truly wonderous Wonder, it was the source of Spanish power in the 16th century, and built the Armada, the Empire, etc.

Green Revolution: gives +15% Food production to the Civ that builds it.

Modern City Improvements:
Urban Railway (with Railroad): -2 Overcrowding
Parks (With Conservation): +3 happiness
Pesticide Plant (with Plastics or Chemistry): +50% food, +100% pollution
Stock Exchange (with Free Trade): +50% Gold
Public Schools (with Public Education): +1 Science per citizen (no overall bonus)
Supermarket (with Refrigeration): +25% Food
Environmental Office (like EPA): -50% pollution
Concert Hall/Opera House (from

**Martock** · July 25, 2000, 15:26

i forgot to mention that i'm using mod 4.3 at the moment.

**Martock** · July 25, 2000, 15:28

i forgot to mention that i'm using mod 4.3 at the moment.

Announcement

Introducing the Medieval Mod 4.0- The Age of Wonders

Introducing the Medieval Mod 4.0- The Age of Wonders

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