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POTASSIUM TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS IN THE 2005 DRI REPORT
A potassium UL was not established in the 2005 DRI Report. Potential indicators reviewed included gastrointestinal discomfort from certain forms of potassium supplements and arrhythmia from hyperkalemia. Available evidence indicated that, in generally healthy individuals, excess potassium is excreted in the urine. Because they may have impaired potassium excretion, individuals with certain conditions (e.g., chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, diabetes, severe heart failure, adrenal insufficiency) and individuals who use certain medications (e.g., angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACE-Is] and angiotensin-receptor blockers [ARBs]) were identified as potentially vulnerable subpopulations in which potassium intakes at the AI may not be appropriate
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) specifies the highest average daily intake level of a nutrient, consumed on a habitual basis, that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects for nearly all apparently healthy individuals in a given Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) age, sex, and life-stage group. The potential for adverse health effects increases as intakes increase above the UL. The UL is intended to provide guidance on intake levels that are safe; it is not intended to serve as an intake goal. The Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease (Guiding Principles Report) recommended that the UL be retained in the expanded DRI model, but that it should characterize toxicological risk (NASEM, 2017). Although this conceptual revision narrows the scope of the UL, it allows for a more nuanced characterization of the different types of risk that can exist with intake of a nutrient or other food substance. This chapter presents the committee's review of the evidence on the toxicological effects of excessive potassium intake and its conclusion regarding establishing a potassium UL. For context, the committee's findings are preceded by a brief summary of the decision made regarding the potassium UL in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate (2005 DRI Report) (IOM, 2005).To us, it is the BEAST.
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