Originally posted by giblets
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The body will divert blood flow as the temperature drops so the most important parts stay warm the longest. This keeps the blood in the rest of the body from becoming cold and allowing the body's core to be protected for longer. When blood flow is gone from the extremities for too long, the cells die. Depending on the severity of the damage, new cells will either replace the old or that part of the body is lost to frost bite.
In conditions when the body starts to lose more heat than it can easily generate to keep all parts at the normal 37°C it will start to allow the extremities, fingers, toes, ears, nose, and cheeks start to get cooler.There is still a blood flow to these body parts, but not as much flows as does normally. In order to keep the extremities at normal body temperature, greater blood flow would be required which would bring cooled blood back to the body core so cooling the body even further. The extremities have a high surface area/volume ratio, so they lose heat very easily.
source: http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarc...old_humans.php
Edit add: Your body will naturally protect your most important internal organs by directing the heat there. The fuller your bladder gets more urine is produced, thus more water is directed to your bladder. True it's a theory, but so is my question in this thread on whether criminalizing hate speech is helpful or harmful?
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