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More information on x64 Edition: http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/64bit/default.mspx
There's more to it than just being a 64-bit version of Windows XP.
It uses the newer kernel from Windows Server 2003:
Windows Server 2003 includes a variety of performance improvements in the kernel, the core piece of code responsible for scheduling application and service execution, and for overall management of system resources such as memory and disk I/O. Performance improvements in the OS kernel should translate into better service and application performance, since all services and applications run under the guidance of the kernel.
Microsoft has improved the way the kernel schedules thread execution and synchronizes requests for resources, which could help reduce contention-related performance problems on large, multi-processor servers. Additionally, Microsoft has optimized the memory manager to better handle systems with large memory, and has also improved the heap manager, which is used by applications to allocate and free memory.
For example, Windows 2003 contains a new type of heap called the Low Fragmentation Heap (LFH). The LFH reduces the memory fragmentation that occurs when applications allocate and free memory, which could improve the performance of applications that perform these operations frequently. Microsoft takes advantage of these changes in its own services: for example, Microsoft has employed the LFH in the Active Directory service to improve its performance.
Microsoft has improved the way the kernel schedules thread execution and synchronizes requests for resources, which could help reduce contention-related performance problems on large, multi-processor servers. Additionally, Microsoft has optimized the memory manager to better handle systems with large memory, and has also improved the heap manager, which is used by applications to allocate and free memory.
For example, Windows 2003 contains a new type of heap called the Low Fragmentation Heap (LFH). The LFH reduces the memory fragmentation that occurs when applications allocate and free memory, which could improve the performance of applications that perform these operations frequently. Microsoft takes advantage of these changes in its own services: for example, Microsoft has employed the LFH in the Active Directory service to improve its performance.
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