Spain, 11th & 12th centuries

[MagyarCrusader]

Hi, I'm creating a European Middle Ages scenario based in the late 11th and 12th centuries (http://apolyton.net/forums/showthrea...threadid=71572). I'm looking for a brief summary of historic events in Spain during these two centuries, I suppose you would guys would be the ones to ask. Thanks.

[Prometeus]

Spain and Italy...

Originally posted by MagyarCrusader
Hi, I'm creating a European Middle Ages scenario based in the late 11th and 12th centuries (http://apolyton.net/forums/showthrea...threadid=71572). I'm looking for a brief summary of historic events in Spain during these two centuries, I suppose you would guys would be the ones to ask. Thanks.

The King of Denia Mogehid al-Amiri expedition to Sardinia, 1015-1016. Quickly destroyed, eh eh....
Oooops... your work is placed too late for this....

Pisa's expedition with Sardinian troops to Mallorca, conquered in no time.

[WRW]

Welcome to the Spanish forum, MagyarCrusader.


(¡Vamos Jasev, ilustranos un poco!)

[_j6_]

Welcome!!

(Jasev no nos falles ahora...)

[jasev]

Oh, el maldito peso de la responsabilidad...

OK, if you want events:
997 - Al-Mansur (Almanzor, in spanish), the highest general and prime minister of Al-Andalus, maked an expedition against Santiago de Compostela, the most important christian sanctuary on the west. He ransacked Santiago and stole the bells of the Cathedral.
1002 - After an incursion against christian kingdom, Al-Mansur died in Catalañazor after a short battle.
1008-1031. Civil wars in Cordoba. After the death of Al-Mansur, the caliphate collapsed. Catalans and Castilians supported different sides. Finally, there appeared a lot of little (and weak) of kingdoms, the taifas.
1029 - The count of Castilia was killed by the Vela family.
1035 - Sancho el Mayor, king of Navarra, died. Two new kingdom appeared: Castilia and Aragón.
1037 - Battle of Tamarán. Bermudo III of León dies in battle against Fernando I of Castile. Castile annexed León.
1054 - Battle of Atapuerca. GarcÃa, king of Navarra, dies in battle against his brother Fernando I of Castile.
1060 - Ruy DÃaz de Vivar became knight by hands of don Sancho, elder son of castilian king.
1068-1072 - Fernando I died and divided the kingdom between his sons Sancho II (castile) and Alfonso VI (León). Of course, they fought one against the other, and the castilians won. But finally Sancho was assasinated by Bellido Dolfos near Zamora and Alfonso merged the two kingdoms again.
1076 - Sancho IV, king of Navarra, was killed by his brother's men. His brother was the king of Aragon, so both kingdoms merged.
1085 - Alfonso VI conquered Toledo, the old visigothic capital. The moslim kings feared, and asked the Sultan of Morocco for help. He was Yussuf ben Taxin, chief of the Almoravid sect (fanatic moslims).
1086 - The almoravids destroyed Castilian army in Sagrajas, near Badajoz.
1095 - Ruy DÃaz de Vivar, "El Cid Campeador" defeats an almoravid army and conquers Valencia.
1096 - Aragon defeats one of the last moslim independent kingdoms (the rest were conquered by the almoravids), Huesca.
1108 - Battle of Uclés. The almoravids defeated the castilians again. The only son Alfonso VI had died in the battle.
1118 - Alfonso I "el Batallador", king of Aragón, conquers Zaragoza. The city becomes capital of the kingdom.
1135 - Castilian supremacy in Spain. Alfonso VII proclaims himself "Emperor".
1139 - The count of portugal proclaims the independence fron Castile and León. Alfonso EnrÃquez, king of Portugal.
1143 - Petronila, Queen of Aragón, marries Ramón Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona. Both countries finally merged.
1147 - Alfonso VII (the "emperor") conquered AlmerÃa commanding a "crusade" with Aragón, Navarra and Genova.
1149 - Ramón Berenguer IV, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona conquers Tortosa and Lérida, helped by genovese and Templars.
1157 - Castile and Leon formed different kingdoms... again.
1177 - Alfonso VIII, king of Castile, conquers Cuenca.
1179 - Treaty of Cazorla. Castile and Aragón agreed their conquest areas; Aragonese would be able to conquer the east until Alicante.
1184 - Fernando II, king of León, conquers Cáceres. The moslim recovered it almost immediatly.
1188 - Courts of Kingdom in León. The first courts in Spain.
1195 - Battle of Alarcos. Another fanatic moslim sect, the Almohads, conquered the moslim spain... again. They defeated Alfonso VII in Alarcos.

Well, this is a good timeline of Spain in the XI and XII centuries. It's focused on the christian kingdoms, so if you want more information about moslim Spain (Al-Andalus) tell me and I'll see if I can help you.

If you need anything else, don't hesitate to ask.

[Estilpón]

this is our Jasev alias "el historiador"

[MagyarCrusader]

Wow, what a friendly place! Am I still at Apolyton?

Thank you for that timeline jasev. I know precious little about historic Spain so it will help me a lot. You all will probably stone me for asking this stupid question but I have to be sure. Aragón, León, and Castile were the Christian kingdoms, and and Al-Andalus was the Moorish islamic kingdom right?

[jasev]

Wow, what a friendly place! Am I still at Apolyton?

You all will probably stone me for asking this stupid question but I have to be sure

Sorry, I had to suppose it. The christian kingdoms were León, Castile, Portugal, Aragón, Barcelona (officially it was just a county, but it worked as an independent kingdom) and Navarra.

Originally Castile and Portugal were just Leonese counties but finally they achieved their independency. Later, Castile annexed León forming the Kingdom of Castile and Leon and Aragón and Barcelona merged, forming the Crown of Aragón. Both kingdoms merged in 1479 and annexed Granada (the last moslim kingdom) and Navarra soon after.

Al-Andalus wasn't a kingdom. It wast just the name that the moslims gave to their part of Spain. Just like spain, it didn't exist as a political entity, but everybody knew it mean the Iberian Peninsula. When at 711, the moors invaded visigothic Spain, almost the whole peninsula became a province of the huge arab empire. After the fall of the Ummayad dinasty (when the Abbasids took the throne and moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdag), an Ummayad prince (Abd-al-Rahman I)achieved to reach the moslim spain, who was called Al-Andalus and formed an independent kingdom: The Emirate of Cordoba. His grandson, Abd-al-Rahman III, proclaimed himself as "Caliphate" of Cordoba. The difference was simple: an emir is a king, a caliph is a king and the "pontifex maximus". The greatest general and polititian of the Caliphate was Al-Mansur (almanzor, in spanish), who took the power as the prime minister of the caliph Hixem II (I think it was him), and after his death the caliphate collapsed, forming a lot of tiny moslim kingdoms, the taifas. It's all explained in the timeline. The most important Taifas were Zaragoza, Valencia, Denia, Toledo, Granada and Sevilla (the grandest and the most beautiful ). When the fanatic sect of the almoravids invaded the moslim spain, Al-Andalus became part of the Sultanate of Morocco.

P.D Please forgive my mistakes, my english is becoming really poor because I usually don't use it

EDIT: Jay Bee's correction added

[Jay Bee]

Castile-Leon and Aragon merged in 1479 :

PS. Mike, you should have played the scen Al-Andalus, if just a bit

[jasev]

Castile-Leon and Aragon merged in 1479

Ooops, you're right. Sorry.

[Jay Bee]

estaba simplemente pulleando tu leg

[jasev]

y también, por qué no decirlo, toucheando los eggs un bit, ¿verdad?

[Jay Bee]

of course, of course