Chapter I - The beginnings
Modern historians believe that around 4000BC nomadic tribes finally settled the site of what is now the capital of country - Moscow. It is generally accepted that this site attracted the early settlers by its rich grasslands and coastal location.
For hundreds of years, the early Russians were just peaceful farmers, which interacted with nearby minor tribes to exchange technologies. As new technologies have been discovered, the rulers of Moscow realised that they need a more productive settlement, so the site of modern St Petersburg on the coast west of Moscow was settled in early 3rd millenium BC (archeological evidence suggests the date of foundation of St Petersburg is around 2800BC). Now the Russian chieftains were satisied and just kept steady technological development and exploration of nearby lands.
The first major building work in Russia was Temple of Moscow which was completed in 1575BC, this made Moscow into a leading cultural centre and indeed even today this temple is a major cultural and tourist centre in the world.
The expansion of Russia continued in the second half of the 2nd millenium BC with the foundation of Kiev, northwest of St Petersburg, on the other side of the Valdai upland, in 1450BC.
By comparing the development of Russia at that time with other civilisations we can see that Russia was one of the most advanced civilisations at the time, despite being the smallest one. It seems that the rulers of Russia made an emphasis on developing new technologies and building up existing cities rather than expand the borders of the empire. We can see this clearly if we look at the events of early 1st millenium BC - in 800BC, the capital of a small, 3-city civilisation completes the world's first wonder - The Colossus of Moscow. This was an amazing achievement by the ancient Russians - today it is justifiably ranked as the world's number 1 cultural site. In a recent report by Russia's Minister of CUlture, the Colossus received 1944 points, compared to 1436 points for the Temple of Moscow.
But only in 430BC were the borders of the empire expanded again with the foundation of the remote city of Minsk.
It is believed that since second millenium BC basic contacts were established with the neighbouring people of France, (which was an independent kingdomsouth of Russia until the first half of the 19th c, as you might recall). At that time Russian rulers were not interested in warfare (unlike our modern leaders - whoops, I'll probably get shot for this!), so they had peaceful relations with France. In the 1st millenium BC our civilisation first encountered the Persians, who were our western neighbours, and actually in 170BC our borders almost met when the Persians built Antioch near Minsk. Our rulers made the wise decision too live peacefully next to the Persian, since the Persians had the fearful Immortals - very strong military units of which our Generals were afraid!
In 510AD our thriving, but small country impressed the world again - after hundreds of years of hard work the Pyramids were constructed in Moscow!
Throughout the next two hundred or so years were spent on strengthening the Russian culture, so that by 700AD all of our four cities were strongly bonded together by a powerful cultural identity. However in the West the behaviour of the Persians was more and more disturbing - they advanced completely upto our western borders, cutting off our possible expansion path to the West. SO the rulers of Russia decided to build a fortress-town in the Southern Valdai hills to counter the Persian expansion- that town was named Smolensk. Also the Russian government decided to tighten the grip on the source of Iron Ore in the Ural Mountains, just east of Moscow, and built Odessa on the eastern sides of the mountain range.
Modern historians believe that around 4000BC nomadic tribes finally settled the site of what is now the capital of country - Moscow. It is generally accepted that this site attracted the early settlers by its rich grasslands and coastal location.
For hundreds of years, the early Russians were just peaceful farmers, which interacted with nearby minor tribes to exchange technologies. As new technologies have been discovered, the rulers of Moscow realised that they need a more productive settlement, so the site of modern St Petersburg on the coast west of Moscow was settled in early 3rd millenium BC (archeological evidence suggests the date of foundation of St Petersburg is around 2800BC). Now the Russian chieftains were satisied and just kept steady technological development and exploration of nearby lands.
The first major building work in Russia was Temple of Moscow which was completed in 1575BC, this made Moscow into a leading cultural centre and indeed even today this temple is a major cultural and tourist centre in the world.
The expansion of Russia continued in the second half of the 2nd millenium BC with the foundation of Kiev, northwest of St Petersburg, on the other side of the Valdai upland, in 1450BC.
By comparing the development of Russia at that time with other civilisations we can see that Russia was one of the most advanced civilisations at the time, despite being the smallest one. It seems that the rulers of Russia made an emphasis on developing new technologies and building up existing cities rather than expand the borders of the empire. We can see this clearly if we look at the events of early 1st millenium BC - in 800BC, the capital of a small, 3-city civilisation completes the world's first wonder - The Colossus of Moscow. This was an amazing achievement by the ancient Russians - today it is justifiably ranked as the world's number 1 cultural site. In a recent report by Russia's Minister of CUlture, the Colossus received 1944 points, compared to 1436 points for the Temple of Moscow.
But only in 430BC were the borders of the empire expanded again with the foundation of the remote city of Minsk.
It is believed that since second millenium BC basic contacts were established with the neighbouring people of France, (which was an independent kingdomsouth of Russia until the first half of the 19th c, as you might recall). At that time Russian rulers were not interested in warfare (unlike our modern leaders - whoops, I'll probably get shot for this!), so they had peaceful relations with France. In the 1st millenium BC our civilisation first encountered the Persians, who were our western neighbours, and actually in 170BC our borders almost met when the Persians built Antioch near Minsk. Our rulers made the wise decision too live peacefully next to the Persian, since the Persians had the fearful Immortals - very strong military units of which our Generals were afraid!
In 510AD our thriving, but small country impressed the world again - after hundreds of years of hard work the Pyramids were constructed in Moscow!
Throughout the next two hundred or so years were spent on strengthening the Russian culture, so that by 700AD all of our four cities were strongly bonded together by a powerful cultural identity. However in the West the behaviour of the Persians was more and more disturbing - they advanced completely upto our western borders, cutting off our possible expansion path to the West. SO the rulers of Russia decided to build a fortress-town in the Southern Valdai hills to counter the Persian expansion- that town was named Smolensk. Also the Russian government decided to tighten the grip on the source of Iron Ore in the Ural Mountains, just east of Moscow, and built Odessa on the eastern sides of the mountain range.
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