Resistance and Propaganda modifiers - what direction?

[Optimizer]

I would like some guidance on resistance and propaganda modifiers.

Communism has got a -5 resistance modifier versus Monarchy.
Does this mean that when a Communist army captures a city under Monarchy, the resistance chance is 5% less?

Communism has got a +5 propaganda modifier versus Monarchy. Does this mean that a Communist spy has got a 5% better chance to incite propagandda in a Monarchy city?

The values are obviously not symmetric, so it makes difference.

And is it relative per cent or percentual units? (If a value of 50% increases by 10 relative % it becomes 55%, but if it increases by 10 % units it becomes 60.)

[The Mad Monk]

I've been wondering about this myself. It seems logical that in both cases the modifiers favor the communitst, as monarchy is the more 'primitive' government type.