Clearly civil wars are much bigger deals in history than in any recent civ game (think particularly about China, the rest of Asia, Latin America, and Africa in addition to the U.S. civil war).  A few ideas:
1. Should be a certain likelihood for a group of 5-20 cities to break away en masse under certain conditions (e.g., overly rapid growth under repressive government types, over-seas breakaways after the loss of a major city on a home continent).
2. Instead of, or in addition to, espionage against a particular city, you might be able to toggle an option of being willing to finance a larger revolt against an enemy at some level (GPT)
3. Recapturing civil war break-away cities should not lead to disappearance / dimunition of cultural value of old temples, or wonders etc.
4. Civilizations practicing slavery, razing cities in conquest in later epochs, or those with overly large armies should be particularly vulnerable to civil wars. Might also be more likely after a plague has swept through or a volcano has erupted (in ancient eras)
5. AI of breakaway states should be particularly amenable to giving back large numbers of cities to settle conflicts.
					1. Should be a certain likelihood for a group of 5-20 cities to break away en masse under certain conditions (e.g., overly rapid growth under repressive government types, over-seas breakaways after the loss of a major city on a home continent).
2. Instead of, or in addition to, espionage against a particular city, you might be able to toggle an option of being willing to finance a larger revolt against an enemy at some level (GPT)
3. Recapturing civil war break-away cities should not lead to disappearance / dimunition of cultural value of old temples, or wonders etc.
4. Civilizations practicing slavery, razing cities in conquest in later epochs, or those with overly large armies should be particularly vulnerable to civil wars. Might also be more likely after a plague has swept through or a volcano has erupted (in ancient eras)
5. AI of breakaway states should be particularly amenable to giving back large numbers of cities to settle conflicts.

 )!
)! To add to the "domino effect" idea, I think another factor should be cities with citizens of the same nationality/ies (or, if implimented, religion) of the seceding cities, regardless of distance.
 To add to the "domino effect" idea, I think another factor should be cities with citizens of the same nationality/ies (or, if implimented, religion) of the seceding cities, regardless of distance. the citizens from conquered civs could act as in civ3, but after the discovery of Nationalism, they could trigger a Civil War and respawn the defeated civ.
 the citizens from conquered civs could act as in civ3, but after the discovery of Nationalism, they could trigger a Civil War and respawn the defeated civ.
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