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Originally posted by ricketyclik
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RubbishI drank beer. I like beer. I still like beer. ... Do you like beer Senator?
- Justice Brett Kavanaugh -
"Host Susceptibility to the Cytokine Storm
One of the challenging clinical questions about the cytokine storm is why some individuals seem particularly susceptible yet others seem relatively resistant, and there has been a great deal of interest in identifying underlying genetic mechanisms (149). Recent studies have shown a vast amount of variability in the innate immune responses of healthy humans, as reflected by the intermediate phenotype of whole-blood cytokine responses to bacterial products (151). Hyper- and hyporesponders to bacterial products are identifiable in the healthy population, which is explainable in part by genetically determined differences in the structure and function of TLR receptors, particularly TLR1 (150). In a large population of septic patients, those with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marking a hyperfunctioning variant of TLR1 had increased organ dysfunction and morbidity from Gram-positive bacteremia (150). Other genetic polymorphisms also contribute to the severity of the host response in sepsis and the cytokine storm, but the TLR1 polymorphism has a particularly strong relationship to Gram-positive infections (149).
Variants of TLR4, the principal receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can predispose individuals to sepsis, as evidenced by increased markers of systemic inflammation, including C-reactive protein (CRP), LPS-binding protein, and peripheral leukocytes in healthy humans exposed to endotoxin (99). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have associated TLR4 polymorphisms with increased susceptibility to pathogens and severity of disease. For example, TLR4 Asp299Gly occurred at a high frequency in Ghanaian children with severe malaria (100), and the polymorphism was also associated with manifestation of malaria during pregnancy in Ghanaian women (101). A recent GWAS identified multiple polymorphisms in cytokine-inducible SRC homology 2 (SH2) domain protein (CISH), a SOCS family member that controls IL-2 signaling, that were associated with increased susceptibility to bacteremia, tuberculosis, and severe malaria in persons in Gambia, Hong Kong, Kenya, Malawi, and Vietnam (77). Several GWAS have also identified variants of IFN-λ3 that were associated with spontaneous resolution and successful treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (55, 140). The potential of polyethylene glycol (PEG)–IFN-λ1 as a novel therapeutic in the treatment of HCV is currently being investigated, though we will likely become less reliant on PEG-IFN therapies with the development of new HCV drugs such as the protease inhibitor telaprevir.
Because genetics play an important role in differential disease phenotypes, new mouse resources such as the Collaborative Cross are being utilized to further investigate host genetics and the biological pathways involved in microbial control. The Collaborative Cross is a recombinant inbred mouse resource (5) designed to capture the genetic heterogeneity of the human population, supporting systems genetics and predictive biology. Studies investigating host responses to influenza among genetically distinct recombinant inbred mice, such as BXD RI lines derived from crosses between DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice, have demonstrated increased transcriptional responses associated with inflammation and antiviral immunity in mice that are more highly susceptible to infection (3, 16). Future investigations will likely reveal underlying genetic variants influencing host responses that contribute toward a cytokine storm during infection."I drank beer. I like beer. I still like beer. ... Do you like beer Senator?
- Justice Brett KavanaughComment
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Gee... A post from Kidiot that he probably didn't read, and likely doesn't understand. It must have had a good headlineKeep on Civin'
RIP rah, Tony Bogey & Baron OComment
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Hmmm, link doesn't say anything about covid.With or without religion, you would have good people doing good things and evil people doing evil things. But for good people to do evil things, that takes religion.
Steven WeinbergComment
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He probably just thought it looked coolKeep on Civin'
RIP rah, Tony Bogey & Baron OComment
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This is a nice little explainer about some of the potential treatments: https://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2020-...Sy3BW2FvzpebhEComment
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1,328 US COVID-19 deaths today.There's nothing wrong with the dream, my friend, the problem lies with the dreamer.Comment
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Brazilian President Bolsonaro tweeted out that he has recovered from Covid-19. Attached is a picture of him holding HCQ in one hand and thumbs up with the other hand.I drank beer. I like beer. I still like beer. ... Do you like beer Senator?
- Justice Brett KavanaughComment
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I do look at the evidence... REAL SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE. None of which supports your POV.Keep on Civin'
RIP rah, Tony Bogey & Baron OComment
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rEaSeArCh DeTeRmInEs ThAt PrOtEsTs DiD nOt CaUsE a SpIkE iN cOrOnAvIrUs.Originally posted by Ming View PostI drank beer. I like beer. I still like beer. ... Do you like beer Senator?
- Justice Brett KavanaughComment
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Typical Kidiot post when there is no real defense of his position.Originally posted by Kidicious View Post
Please provide a link to REAL, PROPERLY DONE, RESEARCH that proves it works...
Because to date, you haven't.
Keep on Civin'
RIP rah, Tony Bogey & Baron OComment
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1,248 US COVID-19 deaths today.There's nothing wrong with the dream, my friend, the problem lies with the dreamer.Comment
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We must stop the rain!Apolyton's Grim Reaper 2008, 2010 & 2011
RIP lest we forget... SG (2) and LaFayette -- Civ2 Succession Games Brothers-in-ArmsComment
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USA had 1,287 deaths today and over 60,000 new cases.There's nothing wrong with the dream, my friend, the problem lies with the dreamer.Comment
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Almost 20 million cases globally, almost 5 million in US. Most successful hoax ever.BlahComment
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