                                              MAMLUKS
THE HISTORY OF SCENARIO
In readme of Komenai I wrote that idea of event recruit system got me during Italian holidays.
It isn't quite true; then, I thought of mamluk recruit system, and ERS in the way it was used in
Komennai, this idea struct me only when I was writing a mail to Bernd Brosing.
Mamluk recruit system was a heavily complicated ERS. Eventually I noticed some mistake
in it and though it could be corrected I decided to make it all easier to You and simply
give You the recruits on Kipchak plains instead of forcing You to recruit it there in a complicated
manner. I'd make this scenario a long long time ago but I had no access to computer during
the period between holidays '01 up to the start of '02 holidays. All becuase of my studies...
Nevertheless, I started making the map for it before my departure, and finished it quickly
after I came back. That was the end of easy things here. I received little help and no-one wanted
to playtest the scenario. I have little time, and the scenario probably won't be finished
in time.I must admit I miss some help, advice... For example; when you kill Kitboga,
Mongols get a technology that thanks to Leonardo Workshop in disquise, changes all their mighty
cavalry into crap, so that You could take Syria; however, still there is a lot of it...
And after You reach a proper expansion, they get a new technology that makes them dangerous
again (but on your way, by taking another city, You make Leo obsolete, so that it wouldn't be
a shock and fall of your kingdom). But after I reduced tech paradigm to a proper level,
they get the possibility of researching the second tech after getting teh first one, and they
may get it even before You manage to make Leo obsolete - then it's a serious trouble for You...
Now wouldn't it be a nice thing to let it this way, making You hurry with conquering Syria?
On the other hand, it may be dangerous to a gameplay... What to choose...
And I am a very hesitant person... So many problems to solve... And only two days left...
And no-one to help me.
Final notes; Oh, I had to change the place of different city styles to make use
of all people styles... It looks much worse no; the Latin and Roman cities are smaller
now, while Egyptian are bigger... grrr

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND'

=MUSLIM EGYPT BEFORE MAMLUKS
Egypt was always, since the times of pharaoh, in the center of world politics.
It's more modern history started with the age of great heresies, under Roman Empire,
where Egypt played a role of birthplace to Arianism and later Monophisitism. Copic church,
persecuted by Roman authorities, soon became a separatistical movement towards Constantinople
and no compromise with it could be reached. Later, Roman war with Persia started and Egypt
was captured by Ctesiphon for a while; though later it was returned to the Empire,
the province wasn't quite peacefull. During the early Arab expansion, due to the dinastical
crisis and personal ambitions of orthodox patriarch (Kyros, Al-Mukaukis, the one who sent
Muhammad his wife Mary), Egypt was given to the Muslims without a true fight and though
later it was tried to be corrected, it stayed in Muslim hands for ever, since 641 up to
today; the history of it was not quite simple, however. Early it became one of the most
valuable Arab provinces, and the home-region (with Syria) to first Arab fleet (though
betrayal of Coptic sailors was supposed to be the cause of some Arab losses on the sea).
I think it was from Egypt that soldiers came to the third caliph, Uthman, and it were
them that killed him, starting a great civil war that eventually ended up in the reign
of Umayyads dinasty. Under the nect caliph dinasty, Abbasid one, Egypt became about
independant, under the rule of Ichshidids and Tulunids. However, nominally Ichshidid and
Tulunid rulers were no more then simple gouvernors of Abbasids - and it was reflected
with influence of Samarra's Abbasid mosques on fameous Ibn Tulun mosque in what today is
Cairo. It is no suprise that after almost 700 years since when Egypt could rule itself on its
own, the geopolitical directions of expansion haven't changed for Egypt - Syria soon became
a posessity of Egypt. Though Abbasids managed to get their rule over Egypt back, their victory didn't
last long, as their great enemies, Fatimids, the self-calimed descendants of Fatima, daughter
of Muhammad, and Ali, his cousin, and leaders of a small Shii sect that conquered (NW) Africa
and later Egypt and made their base out of it, moving themselves to Al-Qahira, Cairo, their new capital.
Fatimids obviously took Syria as well, halting Byzantine progress there.
But Fatimid caliphate didn't last long. Great Seldjuk invasion took Syria away from them,
and they soon found themselves in power of their visiers. When, due to a civil war
started by Latin attempt to conquer Egypt, a sunni Saladin, military emissary of atabak
Nuradin of Syria became the visier (1171) , and supporting the Fatimids black armies were
destroyed, so was the Fatimid caliphate. Saladin was free to rule in Egypt, and a title
of visiers - sultan - became the title of the rulers since then; When Nuradin
died, Saladin captured Syria, and Yemen was taken too; this was the advent of Ayyubid dinasty,
of Kurdish root. There was no one centralised Ayyubid state, but amongst kings of different
Syrian cities, of Yemen and of Egypt the last one always played the most important role.
On the other hand, Egypt was considered the weakest part of Muslim world, and the richest one too,
and as such was a victim of several crusades. Crusade looked about like that; crusaders come, take
one of Egypt's main ports, are offered Palestine in return for that city but prefer to take take entire
Egypt, so they move further, are defeated and lose everything. 


THE ORIGINS OF MAMLUKS
It was no different this time, when St Louis of France took Rosetta, and headed on Cairo. In that critical moment, sultan As-Salih died and only the strong will of the widow, Turkish girl Sagar ad-Durr who kept the death of her husband in secret, Egypt survived and didn't suffer a civil war in this so important moment. She sent an army against crusaders, and though the leader of it was killed in a lost battle, crudaders didn't manage to take Al-Mansura city and during their retreat, were defeated and St Louis was captured. later He was exachanged for Rosetta. It was year 1250. The victory in Al-Mansura was due to a move of previous sultan, who brought some Turkish slaves and made them his guard. After Mongol conquest of great plains of eastern Europe, the economical situation of the Qipchaq Turks living there deteriorated to an unimaginable extent. In result, supply of slaves arouse, and obviously the price went down. The idea of forming guard out of foreigners is old, and Qipchaq Turks seemed perfect for it; They were not Muslims, and so they could be turned into slaves, they had military
abilities, they were white, and their representative appearance made them good guard members - and good lovers
for sultan sometimes. Women were welcomed too - one Turkish slave, Sagar ad-Durr, became As-Salih's wife and his advisor.
As-Salih trained his new recruits of Rawda island -Bahr- on the Nine, and so those first mamluks were called "Bahriyya", Bahrites. With time, they were becoming free, but they were taught obediance to their master, loyalty towards Islam, and to some extent towards their fellows of the guard. They had no feeling of loyalty towards the state or the family of the master, however. Keeping the death of sultan As-Salih in silence allowed his son of other than Sagar mother, Turan-Shah, to take the throne without any trouble. Turan-Shah wasn't at all thankfull fo her for that or to Bahrites for saving Egypt. Not only didn't he want to fight the Latins and would rather spend his time on having fun, not only did He maltreat Sagar, but also fired Bahrites of their offices. It resulted in being killed "by sword, fire and water". The main conspirators were amir Faris ad-Din Aqtay, leader of Bahrites, amir Baybars al-Bunduqdari, one of them, and perhaps Sagar herself. 
After Turanshah death, Sagar was elected the first in the Muslim history female king; her rules were legitimised by being mother to As-Salih son, who died earlier. Egyptians were mocked all over Muslim world, however, and Damascus rebelled
against Egypt, so Sagar decided to abdicate; atabak Aybak at-Turkumani as-Salihi, was elected the sultan, and married Sagar, but under pressure of Bahrites, who demanded Ayyubids to return to the throne, he had to abdicate too; he became the atabak and co-sultan to a young sultan of Ayyubids, Al-Asraf Musa. That's not what the Bahrites wanted, and Aqtay married Ayyubid princess so that He could claim the throne. Aybak felt strong however, after defeating Arab rebel in lower Egypt
and Ayyubid interveniants, and killed Aqtay by hands of a mamluk named Qutuz. Most of Bahrites, with Baybars and Qalawun, fled Egypt then, sheltering in Syria, from where under lead of Baybars were trying to attack Egypt, without success, however.
It was then that Aybak dethronised Al-Asraf Musa, and Ayyubid rule over Egypt was definitely over,

EARLY MAMLUK HISTORY
Aybak seemed strong, but when He wished to marry a princess of Al-Mawsil of Zanki's rout, Sagar ad-Durr murdered him in bath. Then she was murdered by mamluks of Aybak, and his son of other mother than Sagar, Al-Mansur Ali, became the nomical
sultan, while the fight between mamluks of Aybak and Bahrites still lasted. Sangar al-Halabi was made atabak, so the guard
of Aybak (Al-Mu'izziyya) made Qutuz the viceroy of Egypt. Meanwhile, Mongols approached Syria, and so Baybars, still in
Syria, and Qutuz decided to unite against them; it resulted in great victory of Ayn Galut, when Mongols were stopped for
the first time (1260). It allowed Mamluks to take Syria from them, and reduce Ayyubids to a puppet status, but when Qutuz,
despite his promess, didn't make Baybars the gouvernor of Aleppo, he was murdered by him. Though the council of amirs
wanted to elect someone else on the throne, Baybar's claim that according to an old turkish law, the one that killed
the ruler takes his place, prevailed; He killed two sultans, so he deserved the throne doubly in fact. It reminds me
the Perdikkas case a bit - just a thought. Baybars became the sultan, and New Saladin in some minds. He lacked
the culture and sould of the first one, however. Saladin would never destroy the church of admired also by Muslims
virgin Mary without any reason. The only thing that He was similar to Saladin with were his conquests in Outremer.
But when the conquests of Saladin were result of a great Hattin victory, Latin Syria in the times of Baybars was practically
defenceless. As one emissary said to Accan king; "There are more Franks in dungeons of Cairo than in the army of your
kingdom". Baybars was very brutal, but pretty effective. he captured all Christian ports on south of Acco, took
two greatest castles of Franks, Safad and Krak des Chevaliers, defeated Armenians, and conquered (and destroyed)
Antioch. Except for that, He defeated all rebels against him, and kept Euphratus boarder with the Ilkhanate
despite all the troubles, took Konya for a while, and did much to convince the Golden Horde to Muslim religion... His successor was his son, Baraka-Khan, who was forced to abdicate, later was his another son, Salamish, who also was
dethronised, and then Qalawun took the reigns of power; He captured Trypolis and prepared for Acco; his son,
Al-Ashraf Chalil, was the one who fulfilled the will of his father and reduced Outremer to a hopeless Arwad island,
soon abandoned. he was murdered however by Turkish mamluks enangered by his Tcherkess mamluks. His brother,
An-Nasir Muhammad I, was twicely dethonised, but eventually kept the throne.


YOU
You are the Egyptians. The Ilkhanate and other Muslims are your eternal enemies.
Latins ARE NOT. I strongly discourage You from attacking it early in the game.
You'll have no chance to defend against them on the sea and to attack them
in their Outremer posessities. If You want to repeal Mongols, to have some strong
units, You have to move your fleet from Egyptian shores to Crymea, and it'll
be hard when You are at war with them... The same problem is with Romans and
Golden Horde. You need to keep good relations with them -but unlike Latins,
You should have no intention on attacking them anytime in the game.
I still haven't decided if the game should be objective or norman scn...
Again, objective system is not objective; You can conquer lots of cities and not
win. On the other hand, that would make You expand in "proper" regions.
Very early in the game, your only problem should be bedouin attacks on your
oases in the west, Bahrite (barabrian) and Ayyubid (Muslim) attacks in the east,
and some Nubian barbarian attacks in the south. I made an experiment; if you do nothing,
Egypt should be destroyed quite quickly. Later, the things get worse, as the Ilkhanate
should expand rapidly in Mesopotamia and Syria, and Egypt - if You don't stop them.
After Damascus fall into Mongol hands, unit named Kitboga shall be created somewhere
around Al-Quds, Jerusalem; You should destroy it no matter the costs.
It won't be easy. Latins will not attack You, but probably would ally with Ilkhanate
and surely won't do that with You (You can try). If Al-Quds is still in Muslim hands, You can
expect their attack. If it is in Mongol hands, assault on Kitboga will be even more difficult.
Mamluk units have ignore zones of control ability, which shall make it all a bit easier for You.
In fact, this expedition is mission impassible, You probably can't save participating units.
But i can assure that after You succeed, Mongols shall become much weaker and conquest
of Syria should be possible - and that's just what You should do.
After that You can prepare for conquest of Outremer. 

ARTWORK
I tried to make some artwork myself, but I had little time so there's not as much of it as
in Komnenai. 
UNITS;
1. row; is mainly old, except for Sudan unit - based on image of Michalek's book.
        The rest is also mine, but old; exception for Mongol infantry, which is Alex Mor's.
2. row; second unit, St Louis (not too good, I know) is based on a medieval drawing.
        Three units in the end of it are also new, based on Michalek's book; the rest is original civ2 stuff
        obviously.
3. row; except for original units, they are mine, but only fourth unit is new.
        (based on Michalek's book; weak, I know)
4. row; units are all mine except for three (two) by Alex Mor; the Mongol infantry mentioned earlier
        and Byzantine galley. Only first unit (knight), third (mongol cavalry), and the second one from
        the end (Krak des Chevaliers) is mine. Except for Krak des Chevaliers, they are based on Michalek.
5. row; except for original civ2 submarine, all are mine, but only new is second/fifth is "new"
        -upgrade of once made mamluk unit that works as Amir (found in the net), but this time I made its
        colours fit the suit that mamluk sultans were putting on their uh "coronation". third unit is "new"
        -the mentioned Mongol cavalry
6. row; second and last unit is original, except for that first unit is new, mentioned earlier,
        as well as vice last one; third, fouth and vice-last are old, upgraded units by me
        (based on Medieval drawings); the head of Arab figure was based on someone's unit,
        as well as the dark man of the sixth unit (based on some drawing of Alex Mor.
7. row; the mountain unit is just a part of nice mountain terrains by someone, Kitboga unit
        is mentioned mongol cavalry.

IMPROVEMENTS
Palace is new, based on some palace on Palermo, drawn on former palace icon.
barracks and granary aren't mine.
Mosque unit - mine of Komnenai.
Marketplace, Library and courthouse aren't mine.
City walls are new, based on a gate of Sana, and would be much nicer if opened,
but I didn't know what to draw behind it ;)
Well - old of Komnenai, based on a well in Athos.
Caravanserai - new, based on one caravanserai in Cairo (of a bit later times but who cares)
Monastery - a photo os part of St Katherina's monastery on Synaj.
University -new, based on part of Al-Azhar in Cairo.
Next icon is not mine.
Cathedral is mine, of Komnenai, based on a basilica in Thessaloniki.
Next five icons aren't mine,
Next three are mine, old, of Komnenai.
Next icon, which unfortunatelly isn't very good, is new, based on necropolis of Asuan.
Next two icons aren't mine.
Madrasa is mine, based on an upper part of mihrab of one madrasa of Aleppo.
Next two icons aren't mine, then there's one mine of Komnenai, one not mine and
again one mine of Komnenai, and the rest is not mine.

WONDERS
Ctesiphon is new, based on a photo.
Qubbath as-Sachra is of Komnenai.
Umayyads' mosque is new, based on a drawing I made while working over Fading Lights
Abu Mina is new, a part of photo of teh net, as well as the next thing,
Lalibela.
next woner is blank.
Mccheta is new.
Great Citadel of aleppo dates to Qutremer I think.
Acco is new, a photo of the net.
Holy Sepulchre is new, and was pretty hard - the two buildings before it are my imagination
partially.
Ince Minare is of Komnenai.
Al-Azhar is new and also used as University improvement.
Sana - new photo.
Eczmiadzyn - new.
Persepolis - new, corrected photo.
Hagia Eirene - of Fading Lights I think.
Al-Mustansiriyya - new
Ar-rauk - not mine, symbolical picture.
Faras - new, a bit corrected photo.
Pyramids - new, a bit corrected photo.
Qalawun's mosque - new
Abbasids' caliphate - new
Antioch - new, part of a photo of a mosaic.
Tcherkess Sultanate - new, a symbolical picture.
Akropolis - new, based on a scan used in Komnenai.
Hagia Sofia - of fading Lights
Ghurids' Mosque - new
Al-Kaaba - new

CITIES

First city style is new, but weak, as I made it in hurry.
They are based on two Nubian churches, and some strange little Nubian pyramids.
I'm no expert when it comes to Nubia so I can't tell You much about it.

Second city style is new; the mosques of third and fourth city is of Komnenai,
but were corrected, and the rest is completely new;
the first city is based on Samarra's mosque, I kind of united the minaret of
the great mosque and of the second important one ;). The second city
is based on Al-Aqsa, in Jerusalem. The third is based on Qubbath as-Sachra, Jerusalem.
The fourth is based on Ummayads' mosque, Damascus.

Third city style is new. First mosque is based on both Al-Aqmar and Baybar's one, Cairo. second - Al-Hakim's,
cairo, third - Ibn tulun's, Cairo, fourth - Qalawun's, Cairo.

Fourth city style is of Komnenai, but third city was corrected and changed majorly.
The smallest city's ivan is based on ivan in harem court of tash Hauli palace in Chiw (Khiva?)
The second city is based on Ulugh Begh's madrasa in Samarqand
the third and fourth city are based on friday mosque of Herat

Fifth city style is of Komnenai, unchanged, and based on Theotokos church
in Constantinople, second one is based on St Apollinaire's basilica in Classe, near to Rawenna,
third is based on Theodoric's palace in Rawenna and Hagia Sofia in Thessaloniki,
fourth is based on Hagia Sofia in Constantinople and there's a little example of Byzantine church
too. The colour of city walls is incorrect and houses are probably incorrect too, though.

The last city style is of Komnenai, uchanged.
The first city is based (I know, it's very weak) basilica of st Michael in Pavia,
second is based on church in Vamb, Sweden, third depicts cathedral of Spira (Speir?) in Germany,
last is based on cathedral of Pisa.

FLAGS
Byzantine -Paleolog is new. So is Nubian. Latin-Jerusalemian is of Outremer, but colours were corrected.
Mamluk is of Fading Lights. "Mongol" one is in fact Golden Horde's only, and is new. 

OTHER
Fortress is by me, fortification - by Jesus Balsinde I think.
Fight is not by me. By Bernd Brosing?
Cursor and background is new.
Advances' icons are of Komnenai.
Those little things are old - sometimes by me, sometimes not.

PEOPLE

All by me, only Nubian (and little Muslim) are new,
but some old (of Fading Lights) were corrected.

TERRAINS

Using the same stuff in terrain 1 as in Komnenai.
Terrain 2 is new and I've taken it from "Lebensraum" scenario


THANKYOUS
Thanks to CASE, KOBAYASHI, PROMETEUS for their help on civFanatics forums
Also thanks for a guy in OT Apolyton (Azazel) who tried to help me with Acco image problem.
Thanks to Alex Mor for some of this grapics and to the authors of the other graphics I'm using.
Also thanks to Bernd Brosing - whose idea of little ships as resurces I'm still using.
Also the battle icon I've taken from him, I think.
Also thanks to Jorrit Vermeiren for some comment and for dealing with Title file hopefully

