;
;   CIVILIZATION CIVILOPEDIA TEXT
;   Copyright (c) 1995 by MicroProse Software
;
;   Altering the contents of this file may cause the
;   game to malfunction.
;

@PEDIAPICKCIV
@width=540
@columns=3
@listbox
@title=Civilopedia: Civilization Advances

@PEDIACIV
@width=480
@title=Civilization Advance
^^%STRING0
^


@PEDIACIVFACTS
^Allows government form of same name.
^Allows peasants to build fortresses.
^Allows peasants to build airbases.
^Allows peasants to build railroads.
^Allows peasants to improve farmland.
^Increases the effect of temples.
^Increases the effect of colosseums.
^Worth bonus points in Civilization score.
^Increases ship movement rates by one.
^Improves Spaceship thrust by 25%.
^Free civ. advance for first civ. to discover.
^Decreases the effect of Cathedrals.
^Cancels the effect of


@PEDIAPICKUNIT
@width=540
@columns=3
@listbox
@title=Civilopedia: Unit Types

@PEDIAUNIT
@width=480
@title=Unit Type
^^%STRING0
^

@PEDIAUNITFACTS
^Can see units two spaces away.
^Ignores enemy Zones of Control.
^Can make amphibious landings.
^Invisible to most enemy ships.
^Can attack aircraft in flight.
^May be lost out of sight of land.
^Ignores City Walls.
^Can carry friendly air units.
^Can make paradrops.
^Treats all squares as road squares.
^Defense +50% versus units with a movement factor of 2.
^Only Fundamentalist governments can build.
^Destroyed after attacking.
^Defense +100% versus air and missile units.
^Can spot enemy submarines in adjacent squares.


@PEDIAPICKGOVT
@width=480
@listbox
@title=Civilopedia: Governments


@PEDIAPICKIMPROVE
@width=540
@columns=3
@listbox
@title=Civilopedia: City Improvements

@PEDIAIMPROVE
@width=480
@title=City Improvement
^^%STRING0
^

@;Palace
@PEDIAIMPROVE1
Eliminates corruption and waste in the city,
and decreases it in all nearby cities.

@;Barracks
@PEDIAIMPROVE2
City produces Veteran ground units. Ground units can
be completely repaired in a single turn.

@;Granary
@PEDIAIMPROVE3
Only half of city's food store is depleted when
city increases in size.

@;Temple
@PEDIAIMPROVE4
Up to two discontented citizens are made content.

@;Marketplace
@PEDIAIMPROVE5
Increases tax and luxury output by 50%%.

@;Library
@PEDIAIMPROVE6
Increases science output by 50%%.

@;Courthouse
@PEDIAIMPROVE7
Decreases corruption by 50%%. Makes city more resistant
to bribery by enemy diplomats and spies. Under Democracy,
one content citizen becomes happy.

@;City Walls
@PEDIAIMPROVE8
Units in city are tripled on defense versus ground attacks.

@;Aqueduct
@PEDIAIMPROVE9
Allows city to increase beyond size 10.

@;Bank
@PEDIAIMPROVE10
Increases tax and luxury output by an
additional 50%% (cumulative with Marketplace).

@;Cathedral
@PEDIAIMPROVE11
Makes four unhappy citizens content (Three after Legalism).

@;University
@PEDIAIMPROVE12
Increases science output by an additional
50%% (cumulative with School).

@;Mass Transit
@PEDIAIMPROVE13
Eliminates pollution caused by population.

@;Colosseum
@PEDIAIMPROVE14
Four unhappy citizens are made content.

@;Factory
@PEDIAIMPROVE15
Increases resource production in city by 50%%.

@;Mfg. Plant
@PEDIAIMPROVE16
Increases resource production by an additional 50%%
(cumulative with Foundry).

@;SDI Defense
@PEDIAIMPROVE17
Protects everything within three spaces of
the city from marauding barbarian hordes.

@;Recycling Center
@PEDIAIMPROVE18
Decreases the pollution caused by factories.

@;Power Plant
@PEDIAIMPROVE19
Increases foundry output by 50%%.

@;Hydro Plant
@PEDIAIMPROVE20
Increases foundry output by 50%%. Requires nearby 
running water.

@;Nuclear Plant
@PEDIAIMPROVE21
Increases factory output by 50%%.  Cleaner
than Power Plant (same as Hydro Plant), but
there is a risk of Nuclear Meltdown unless
civilization has discovered Fusion.

@;Stock Exchange
@PEDIAIMPROVE22
Increases tax & luxuries output by an additional
50%% (cumulative with Marketplace & Merchants' Quarter 
for a grand total of 150%%).

@;Sewer System
@PEDIAIMPROVE23
Allows city to grow beyond size 15.

@;Supermarket
@PEDIAIMPROVE24
Allows squares in the city's radius with
the "farmland" improvement (irrigated twice)
to produce 50%% more food.

@;Superhighways
@PEDIAIMPROVE25
All squares in the city's radius with roads 
produce 50%% more trade.

@;Research Lab
@PEDIAIMPROVE26
Increases science output by an additional 50%%
(cumulative with School and Library for a
grand total of 150%%).

@;SAM Missile Battery
@PEDIAIMPROVE27
Units in city are doubled on defense against
air units and non-nuclear missile units.

@;Coastal Fortress
@PEDIAIMPROVE28
Units in city are doubled on defense against
shore bombardment by enemy ships.

@;Solar Plant
@PEDIAIMPROVE29
Increases foundry output by 50%%.

@;Harbor
@PEDIAIMPROVE30
All ocean squares in the city's radius
produce one extra unit of food.

@;Offshore Platform
@PEDIAIMPROVE31
All ocean squares in the city's radius
produce one shield.

@;Airport
@PEDIAIMPROVE32
Units can be quickly transported between two cities 
with Great Canals.

@;Police Station
@PEDIAIMPROVE33
Decreases unhappiness caused by troops away from city by 1.

@;Port Facility
@PEDIAIMPROVE34
City produces veteran naval units.
Any ship spending its entire turn in the city is
completely repaired.

@;SS Structural
@PEDIAIMPROVE35

@;SS Component
@PEDIAIMPROVE36

@;SS Module
@PEDIAIMPROVE37

@;Capitalization
@PEDIAIMPROVE38
Converts production into trade.

@;Pyramids
@PEDIAIMPROVE39
[Pyramids]  
- Counts as a Granary in every one of your cities.
^
^This massive canal in the Wei valley was begun by the 
Ch'in at the urging of the great engineer Cheng Kuo during 
the fourth century.  It was, in fact, a scheme to 
bankrupt the Ch'in state, orchestrated by their rivals 
the Han.  But when, against all expectations, the Ch'in 
completed this massive project, it quickly and hugely 
boosted their agricultural output and economy - much to 
the chagrin of the Han.

@;Hanging Gardens
@PEDIAIMPROVE40
[Hanging Gardens]
- Makes three citizens happy in its home city, and one 
citizen happy in every other city.
^
^Attributed to Lao-tzu himself, this collection of obscure 
sayings is considered by many the central text of the 
mysterious set of beliefs known as Taoism, a religion 
promising individual salvation through removal and 
contemplation.

@;Colossus
@PEDIAIMPROVE41
[Colossus]
- City produces one extra trade arrow in each square that
already produces one.
^
^The silk road linked the eastern and western civilizations of 
the Old World from about the third century BC onwards.  The 
lucrative commerce in Chinese silk saw huge caravans plying their 
way across the steppe; the towns at which they stopped to resupply 
and trade soon became bustling entrepots, and massively wealthy.

@;Lighthouse
@PEDIAIMPROVE42
Triremes can move across oceans w/o danger, and all other
types of ship have their movement rate increased by one.
Also, all new ships you produce receive veteran status.

@;Great Library
@PEDIAIMPROVE43
[Great Library]
- Civilization receives any civilization advance
already discovered by two other civilizations.
^
^This treatise on government was for a long time attributed to 
the great Legalist reformer Shang Yang, although is now 
reckoned to be a forgery compiled some centuries after his 
time.  Shang Yang's ministry in the eastern state of Ch'in 
revolutionized the government of what was at the time a feudal 
backwater, propelling it to the fore in the continuing 
struggle for China.

@;Oracle
@PEDIAIMPROVE44
[Oracle]
- Doubles the effect of all of your temples.
^
^This almost mythical structure was the ceremonial centre of the 
Chou court, a wooden hall in which sacred ceremonies of imperial 
import took place.  Though its importance probably ceased with the 
deposition of the Chou dynasty in 256 BC, this hallowed building 
continued to haunt the imagination of succeeding emperors.  The 
dynasty of the T'ang would almost one thousand years later 
construct a fanciful replica in their capital Ch'ang-an.

@;Great Wall
@PEDIAIMPROVE45
[Great Wall]
- Enemy civilizations must offer cease-fire/peace
in negotiations.  Combat strength doubled against
barbarians.
^
^Constructed at great human cost by linking a number of existing 
fortifications into one long wall across northern China, the Great Wall 
defined the boundary between civilization and the anarchy of the 
steppe.  The fact that this remains the only man-made structure visible 
from the moon gives some idea of the scale of this massive defensive 
endeavor.

@;Sun Tzu's War Academy
@PEDIAIMPROVE46
[Sun Tzu's War Academy]
- All new ground units produced gain Veteran status.
Any unit which wins a combat gains Veteran status.
^
^One of the first military treatises to appear anywhere in the world, 
Sun Tzu's work is still read today by businessmen and generals.  It was 
itself a product of the endemic warfare during the Warring States period, 
an era which favored military innovation and refinement of all kinds.

@;King Richard's Crusade
@PEDIAIMPROVE47
[King Richard's Crusade]
- Every square in the city's radius produces an extra
resource "shield".
^
^This enormous palace was the seat of the first emperor Shih Huang-ti's 
government.  The short-lived Ch'in dynasty he founded saw an unprecedented 
mobilization of man-power and resources, the most obvious result being the 
construction of the first Great Wall.  Such massive engineering and 
defensive projects would characterise the reigns of succeeding active 
emperors.

@;Marco Polo's Embassy
@PEDIAIMPROVE48
You receive a free embassy with every rival Civilization (so
your intelligence report will always be complete and you will
receive updates when other civilizations discover technologies).

@;Michelangelo's Chapel
@PEDIAIMPROVE49
Counts as a Cathedral in each of your cities.

@;Copernicus' Observatory
@PEDIAIMPROVE50
[Copernicus' Observatory]
- Increases science output of city by 50%%.
^
^Attendance at the Imperial University, or Taixue, was the culmination of 
a successful academic's career.  This academy played a large part in 
fostering the study of the classics and the rise of Confucianism during 
the Han empire.

@;Magellan's Expedition
@PEDIAIMPROVE51
Movement rate of all ships is increased by two.

@:Shakespeare's Theatre
@PEDIAIMPROVE52
All unhappy citizens in city are content.

@;Da Vinci's Workshop
@PEDIAIMPROVE53
Whenever one of your units becomes obsolete because of a new
technology you have discovered, it is immediately replaced
by an equivalent modern unit.

@;J.S. Bach's Cathedral
@PEDIAIMPROVE54
[J.S. Bach's Cathedral]
- Decreases unhappy citizens on same continent by 2 per city.
^
^The Great or Legendary Peace was originally a Taoist ideal, the attaining 
of which would be the goal of many peasant rebellions throughout 
Chinese history.  Such rebellions were generally characterized by populist 
new sects which mobilized large segments of the population against a 
dynasty which had purportedly sacrificed the Mandate of Heaven.  One such 
was the revolt of the Yellow Turbans, which in 184 AD almost toppled the 
Han from their seat of power.  More famous would be the nineteenth century 
T'ai P'ing Rebellion, possibly one of the bloodiest civil wars in all 
history.

@;Isaac Newton's College
@PEDIAIMPROVE55
Doubles science output of city.

@;Adam Smith's Trading Co.
@PEDIAIMPROVE56
[Adam Smith's Trading Co.]
- Pays the maintenance for all city improvements which
ordinarily cost 1 gold per turn.  City improvements
requiring more than 1 gold per turn maintenance are not
affected.
^
^Government salt monopolies were amongst the earlist forms of gathering 
revenue amongst states in the Springs and Autumns period.  Such measures 
enjoyed popularity again under the Han, when from 117 BC there was 
instituted a state monopoly on the salt and iron industries throughout the 
empire.  As well as ensuring the government's independence of powerful 
mercantilist interests - which were traditionally regarded as corrupting 
to wider society - they guaranteed a hefty income for the state, these 
being the two largest industries in ancient China.

@;Darwin's Voyage
@PEDIAIMPROVE57
[Darwin's Voyage]
- Two free civilization advances.
^
^The competetive atmosphere of the Warring States saw many traditions and 
social codes submerged in a new, more ruthless environment.  The dislocation 
caused by such massive changes prompted intense scrutiny of contemporary 
morals and government.  Hence there arose the so-called Hundred Schools of 
Thought, an unprecedented profusion of philosophical doctrines which all 
attempted to explain current problems and offer practical solutions.  Within 
this extraordinarily fruitful movement we find perhaps the two most influential 
figures in Chinese intellectual history, Confucius and Lao-tzu, as well as 
countless others.

@;The Statue of Liberty
@PEDIAIMPROVE58
Eliminates the period of unrest between governments.
Also allows any form of government to be chosen, even if
the proper advance has not been discovered.

@;The Eiffel Tower
@PEDIAIMPROVE59
[The Eiffel Tower]
- When you first obtain control of this wonder, every civilization's 
attitude toward you is immediately shifted 25 points in your favor 
(on a hundred point scale).  Attitudes continue to improve gradually 
over time.  Other civilizations are also quicker to forget your
past transgressions.
^
^Though the Chou dynasty continued to rule from Loyang after the sack 
of their western capital in 771 BC, their temporal power quickly evaporated 
as their former vassals began to feud.  Nonetheless these rulers enjoyed 
great prestige thanks to their symbolic and ceremonial roles as nominal 
leaders, still, of all China.  This mystical aura associated with the Chou only 
ceased to matter with the rise of such pragmatic and irreverant creeds as 
Legalism.  The Ch'in finally deposed the last Chou ruler only in 256 BC, 
making the Chou the longest reigning dynasty in Chinese history.

@;Hoover Dam
@PEDIAIMPROVE61
Provides Hydro power to every city on every continent.

@;Women's Suffrage
@PEDIAIMPROVE60
[Women's Suffrage]
- Decreases unhappiness caused by troops away from city by 1 under the 
Empire form of government.
^
^Confucius - the latinized K'ung fu-tzu, or 'Master K'ung' - was a philosopher 
living in the later sixth and early fifth centuries BC.  His reaction to 
the social and moral chaos of his times was the formulation of a conservative 
creed which emphasized filial responsibility and a respect for tradition.  
The Classics attributed to him languished for a long time comparatively 
unappreciated, until the age of the Han where Confucianism was revived and 
formalized as a cult endorsing imperial authority.  It gradually became so 
important that for many today, Confucianism remains the quintessentially Chinese 
ethic and chief representative of China's extraordinarily rich philosophy.

@;Manhattan Project
@PEDIAIMPROVE62
Allows nuclear weapons to be built.

@;United Nations
@PEDIAIMPROVE63
[United Nations]
- Gives a free embassy with every other civilization.  Enemy nations cannot 
refuse your peace treaties. Furthermore, under the Empire form of government 
you can declare war 50%% of the time, so that you can force the impious to 
acknowledge the Son of Heaven.
^
^The Tian Ming or 'Mandate of Heaven' was the divine seal of approval which 
legitimised Chinese dynasties.  This idea was prevalent not just amongst the Chinese 
but within the ranks of their neighbours; even the northern barbarians acknowledged, 
occasionally, the Emperor's title as 'Son of Heaven'.  A ruler could, however, forsake 
the mandate through unjust behaviour, as many believe the megalomanic first emperor 
Shih Huang-ti did.  In such a case revolt and a change of the ruling house was 
morally justified.  Once this occurred a new house could gain the mandate, as did 
the Han; the first Han emperor, Liu Pang, was only a minor official of lowly birth 
before his successful leadership during the rebellion against Shih Huang-ti's 
successors won him and his family semi-divine status and everlasting fame.

@;Apollo Program
@PEDIAIMPROVE64
Allows construction of spaceship improvements.

@;SETI Program
@PEDIAIMPROVE65
Counts as a research lab in every one of your cities; effectively
doubles your science output.

@;Cure for Cancer
@PEDIAIMPROVE66
[Cure for Cancer]
- One extra happy citizen in each city.
^
^Kanishka was the greatest leader of the powerful Kushana kingdom that the steppe 
barbarians established in Afghanistan and the Indus valley during the first and 
second centuries AD.  Amongst the monuments of this Buddhist ruler was a magnificent 
stupa at his capital of Purushpura, which was possibly as much as two hundred metres 
high and undoubtedly one of the wonders of the ancient world.  Only the foundations 
of this colossal building remain today.

@PEDIAGOVT
@width=600
@title=Civilization: Governments
The form of government you choose for your civilization will
affect the way resources are distributed in your cities, the
rate at which your citizens can produce and sustain new units
and city improvements, and the extent to which your citizens
have a say in the way you govern them.
^
Some forms of government, such as Tribal Monarchies, Despotism, 
Feudalism, and later Legalism, allow you to expand
rapidly, to produce and sustain large numbers of military
units, and to control your affairs completely.
^
An Empire, on the other hand, gives your citizens the freedom 
to produce vast amounts of trade, which increases your wealth 
and knowledge rapidly. On the other hand, your citizens may 
grow unhappy when you send military units out of your cities; 
also, the powerful aristocracy may attempt to interfere in 
your conduct of foreign affairs.
^
To change your civilization's government, you must have a
Revolution--select "Revolution" from the Kingdom Menu.  This
will entail a brief period of Anarchy.

@PEDIAGOVT0
@width=600
@title=Civilization Government: Anarchy
Anarchy represents not so much a government type as the
lack of any stable government. Anarchy occurs when your
civilization's government falls, or when you decide to
have a Revolution. After a few turns of Anarchy, you will
be able to reconstitute your government.
^
Anarchy is similar to Despotism, except that the corruption
rate is VERY HIGH (see entry for Despotism).  However, no
taxes are collected during a period of Anarchy, and no
scientific research is conducted.

@PEDIAGOVT1
@width=600
@title=Civilization Government: Despotism
^UNIT SUPPORT
Each unit above the city size costs one shield per turn.
Peasants eat one food per turn.
^
^HAPPINESS
Up to three military units in each city will institute
"martial law", converting an unhappy citizen into a content
citizen.
^
^CORRUPTION AND WASTE
Despotism has a HIGH rate of corruption and waste.  The
level of corruption in a particular city is based on its
distance from your capital.
^
^SPECIAL
Under a Despotism, none of the science/tax/luxury rates may
be set higher than 60%%.  ALSO, ANY SQUARE WHICH WOULD ORDINARILY
PRODUCE THREE OR MORE OF A RESOURCE (FOOD, SHIELDS, TRADE) PRODUCES
ONE LESS.
^
^HINTS
Because of Despotism's high rate of corruption, it is almost
always an inferior form of government.  Try to switch to a
Feudalism as soon as possible.


@PEDIAGOVT2
@width=600
@title=Civilization Government: Feudalism
^UNIT SUPPORT
Each unit beyond the third costs one shield per turn.
Peasants eat two food per turn.
^
^HAPPINESS
Up to three military units in each city will institute
"martial law", converting an unhappy citizen into a content
citizen.
^
^CORRUPTION AND WASTE
Feudalism has a MODERATE rate of corruption and waste.  The
level of corruption in a particular city is based on its
distance from your capital.
^
^SPECIAL
Under a Feudalism, none of the science/tax/luxury rates may
be set higher than 70%%.
^
^HINTS
Feudalism is an excellent form of government for a state during 
the earlier part of the scenario.  However, you will have difficulty 
conquering the whole of China without choosing a more advanced form 
of government.


@PEDIAGOVT3
@width=600
@title=Civilization Government: Legalism
^UNIT SUPPORT
Each unit costs one production unit per turn.  Peasants eat only one
food per turn.
^
^HAPPINESS
Up to three military units in each city will institute
"martial law", converting *TWO* unhappy citizens into
content citizens (so a total of SIX unhappy citizens can
be suppressed).
^
^CORRUPTION AND WASTE
Under Legalism, stringent laws and heavy penalties largely 
suppress common crime.  As a result, each city only experiences 
a small amount of corruption and waste, irrespective of its 
distance from the capital.
^
^SPECIAL
All diplomat units produced under Legalist governments are
given VETERAN status, due to the high emphasis Legalist statesmen 
placed on pragmatic and opportunistic politics.  Under Legalism, 
none of the science/tax/luxury rates may be set higher than 80%%.
^
^HINTS
Legalism is a militaristic government which lends itself to states 
with expansionist ambitions.  Perhaps the best form of government 
for conquering China; the Ch'in, who united the country in history, 
were among the first states to reform their institutions 
according to Legalist theories.

@PEDIAGOVT4
@width=600
@title=Civilization Government: Tribal Kingdom
^UNIT SUPPORT
Can support up to TEN units for free; additional
units cost one unit of production each.  Peons eat one
food per turn.
^
^HAPPINESS
Under a Tribal Kingdom, no citizen is ever unhappy.
^
^CORRUPTION AND WASTE
Tribal Kingdoms have a LOW rate of corruption.
However, this form of government has the special disadvantage that
under it, scientific research is highly inefficient.
^
^SPECIAL
Improvements which convert unhappy citizens to
content citizens (Shrines, etc.)
produce "tithes" equal to the number of citizens they would
otherwise convert.  They also require no maintenance.
Under a Tribal Kingdom, none of the science/tax/luxury rates may
be set higher than 80%%.
^
^HINTS
The Tribal Kingdoms which arose on the Mongolian steppes were highly 
militaristic administrative units, almost wholly geared towards the 
raising of mounted armies with which to harass the pastoralists.  Scientific 
research is next to impossible under this government, however, as the 
nomads lived too difficult a lifestyle to find much time to develop their 
civilization.


@PEDIAGOVT5
@width=600
@title=Civilization Government: Empire
^UNIT SUPPORT
Each unit costs one production unit per turn.  Peasants eat only one
food per turn.
^
^HAPPINESS
Each military unit AFTER THE FIRST which is not in a friendly
city (or a fortress within 3 spaces of a friendly city)
causes one citizen in its home city to become unhappy.
^
^CORRUPTION AND WASTE
Empire has a LOW rate of corruption and waste.  The
level of corruption in a particular city is based on its
distance from your capital.
^
^SPECIAL
Under an Empire, each square which ordinarily produces at
least one unit of trade produces an extra unit.
None of the science/tax/luxury rates may be set higher
than 80%%.
^
^HINTS
Proclaiming an Empire can give a massive boost to your
science and tax revenues, although you'll probably have to
divert some of your trade to luxuries.  It becomes more
difficult to keep an army in the field, but the Confucian 
Classics wonder can help with this problem.  Probably the 
best form of government once China has been unified, and 
the only remaining threats are the raids 
of the steppe nomads.

@PEDIAGOVT6
@width=600
@title=Civilization Government: Democracy
^This form of government is not available in this scenario.



















