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http://fls.cll.wayne.edu/isp/mnissani/WWI/sub.htm

Diary of a U-boat commander 

Adolf K.G.E. von Spiegel commanded a German U-boat during the First World War. He published his memoirs in 1919. Here he
describes the attack on a cargo vessel in April 1916. 

"The steamer appeared to be close to us and looked colossal. I saw the captain walking on his bridge, a small whistle in his mouth. I saw the crew cleaning the deck forward, and I saw, with surprise and a slight shudder, long rows of wooden partitions right along all decks, from which gleamed the shining black and brown backs of horses." 'Oh heavens, horses! What a pity, those lovely beasts!' 

'But it cannot be helped,' I went on thinking. 'War is war, and every horse the fewer on the Western front is a
reduction of England's fighting power.' I must acknowledge, however, that the thought of what must come was a
most unpleasant one, and I will describe what happened as briefly as possible." 

'Stand by for firing a torpedo!' I called down to the control room.' 

'FIRE!' 

" A slight tremor went through the boat - the torpedo had gone." 

"The death-bringing shot was a true one, and the torpedo ran towards the doomed ship at high speed. I could follow its course exactly by the light streak of bubbles which was left in its wake." 

     <b>NOTE #1-- Not the sub!! It was submerged </b>
"I saw that the bubble-track of the torpedo had been discovered on the bridge of the steamer, as frightened arms pointed towards the water and the captain put his hands in front of his eyes and waited resignedly. Then a                 frightful explosion followed, and we were all thrown against one another by the concussion, and then, like Vulcan, huge and majestic, a column of water two hundred metres high and fifty metres broad, terrible in its beauty and power, shot up to the heavens." 

'Hit abaft the second funnel,' I shouted down to the control room." 

"All her decks were visible to me. From all the hatchways a storming, despairing mass of men were fighting their way on deck, grimy stokers, officers, soldiers, groom, cooks. They all rushed, ran, screamed for boats, tore and
thrust one another from the ladders leading down to them, fought for the lifebelts and jostled one another on the
sloping deck. All amongst them, rearing, slipping horses are wedged. The starboard boats could not be lowered on account of the list; everyone therefore ran across to the port boats, which in the hurry and panic, had been lowered with great stupidity either half full or overcrowded. The men left behind were wringing their hands in despair and running to and
fro along the decks; finally they threw themselves into the water so as to swim to the boats." 

"Then - a second explosion, followed by the escape of white hissing steam from all hatchways and scuttles. The white steam drove the horses mad. I saw a beautiful long-tailed dapple-grey horse take a mighty leap over the berthing rails and land into a fully laden boat. At that point I could  not bear the sight any longer, and I lowered the periscope and dived deep." 
  <b>NOTE #2 -- Sub was still submerged </b>

References: Hough, R., The Great War at Sea (1983); Spiegel, Adolf K.G.E. von, U-boat 202 (1919). 



http://krypton.mankato.msus.edu/~lanza/keightscienweap.html

The Weapons and Technology of World War One
                   1914 - 1918
WAR ON THE SEAS

*German U-boats  
Germany could not match Britain's mighty navy so began to use underseeboten.
International law required that before sinking an enemy merchant or passenger ship, the commander of a warship must allow time for passengers and
crew to get off safely.  Passengers and crew were considered to be civilians; and civilian life was to be spared.  
U-boats were only effective by breaking the international law
U-boats traveled under water unseen, could close in on a surface ship, fire a torpedo and slip away
One torpedo from the U-boats caused great amount of damage to ships.
Germany declared waters around British Isles war zone - any ship enters at its own risk.
Germany changed the rules of naval warfare

How did allies accomplish tricking or destroying the U-boats?
Underwater speed of sub was very low - very difficult to get sub into position to deliver an attack unless she could predict the course of the ships.
Fast steamers zigzagging were hard to hit
Other measures used against the U-boats were dropping depth-charges and laying minefields.  Gradually subs were defeated. 


http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/cno/n87/history/cold-war-asw.html