Light Infantry - Your basic foot troops. Used in the early game to counter archers, when gunpowder rolls around they make a good anti-infantry defense. Weak against cavalry.
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Slingers
Javelineers
Elite Javelineers
Arquebusiers
Musketeers
Riflemen
Infantry
Assault Infantry
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Heavy Infantry - Good against pre-gunpowder light infantry, and also well-utilized as anti-cavalry/tank units. Keep them away from archers and machine guns.
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Hoplites
Phalanx
Pikemen
Elite Pikemen
Fusiliers
Anti-tank Rifle
Bazooka
Anti-tank Missile
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Archers - Until they merge with light infantry after gunpowder is discovered, they are your best defense against heavy infantry. Beware light infantry.
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Bowmen
Archers
Heavy Archers
Crossbowmen
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Machine Guns - A good counter for modern infantry, though they take a second to deploy. Watch out for tanks.
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Machine Gun
Heavy Machine Gun
Advanced Machine Gun
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Scouts/Special Forces - This line of units evolves significantly over the course of the game. Initially only useful for discovering territory and ruins, by the end game they can snipe enemy units and destroy buildings.
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Scout
Explorer
Commando
Special Forces
Elite Special Forces
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Light Cavalry - Fast-moving cavalry, useful for quick strikes against light infantry/archers, siege units, and ranged cavalry. Keep them far away from heavy infantry.
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Light Horse
Light Cavalry
Elite Light Cavalry
Hussar
Armored Car
Armored Scout Car
Armored Cavalry
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Heavy Cavalry - Slower than light cavalry, but they pack more of a punch. When they become tanks in the Industrial Age you have a versatile, powerful unit. Watch out for heavy infantry and helicopters.
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Cataphract
Knight
Heavy Knight
Cuirassier
Light Tank
Tank
Main Battle Tank
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Horse Archers - Fast moving units that can fire on the run. Useful for harassing civilians and making quick raids on enemies. Keep them away from light cavalry and foot archers.
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Horse Archer
Heavy Horse Archer
Dragoon
Carabineer
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Anti-aircraft - Your main method of protecting your modern armies from airstrikes that can quickly devestate them. Just be sure to protect them with the rest of your army, as they aren't much use against anything that's not in the air.
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Anti-aircraft Gun
Anti-aircraft Battery
Anti-aircraft Missile
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Siege Units - Your most useful tool for conquering enemy cities and razing their buildings. Long-ranged and powerful, these can do a lot of damage. Don't let them get destroyed by enemies trying to flank you, though, as they are rather weak against units until they can start doing some splash damage in the mid-game.
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Catapult
Trebuchet
Bombard
Cannon
Artillery
Howitzer
Rocket Artillery
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Light Naval - A good way to defend your heavier ships from fireships/submarines and harass enemy fishing ships. In the more modern eras they can be useful to defend your fleet from air attacks.
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Bark
Dromon
Caravel
Corvette
Sloop
Destroyer
Cruiser
Missile Cruiser
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Heavy Naval - Useful for attacking light ships, and post gunpowder they can do a great deal of damage against targets on the ground. Defend them from fireships, submarines, and air attacks.
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Trireme
Galley
Carrack
Frigate
Man o'War
Bomb Ketch
Bomb Vessel
Dreadnought
Battleship
Advanced Battleship
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Fireships/Submarines - Your best defense against heavy ships and later aircraft carriers. They are less effective against light ships, though.
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Fire Raft
Heavy Fire Raft
Fire Ship
Heavy Fire Ship
Submarine
Attack Submarine
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Carriers - Useful for striking ground targets and heavier ships. Just remember to defend them with other types of ships and to watch out for anti-air fire on the shore.
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Aircraft Carrier
Fighter-Bomber
Jet Fighter-Bomber
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Fighters - Your earliest air unit available, they can do limited damage against ground forces. However, air patrols are an excellent defense against bombers and helicopters, especially if your enemy has stealth bombers that can bypass ground defenses.
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Biplane
Fighter
Jet Fighter
Advanced Fighter
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Bombers - Mostly used to attack long-range ground targets. Just make sure they steer clear of anti-air and fighters.
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Bomber
Tactical Bomber
Stealth Bomber
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Helicopters - Excellent tank-killers and sub-hunters. Weak against any sort of anti-air fire and fighters, though.
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Helicopter
Attack Helicopter
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Missiles - Useful for attacking enemy forces. With research, you can arm them with nuclear warheads that can do major damage, both to enemy forces and to your reputation.
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V2 Rocket
Cruise Missile
Nuclear Missile
ICBM
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Miscellaneous Units
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Civilian - Your basic unit that constructs buildings and gathers resources. Rather weak and vulnerable, though with research you can arm them in case of an attack.
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Militia
Minuteman - After research, you can arm your civilians so they stand a fighting chance against enemy raids.
Partisan
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 | Scholar - Built at universities, these units are your sole means of gathering Knowledge.
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 | General - Your generals have special abililties they can grant on nearby troops. Forced march causes troops to travel at a faster rate, Entrench lets your troops absorb more frontal damage, and Ambush lets you set up traps for oncoming enemies.
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 | Spy - Spy units can bribe enemy units. They can also plant informers in enemy buildings to give you more detailed intelligence about them. Counterintelligence lets you counteract enemy spies.
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 | Supply Wagon - Your supply wagon keeps troops within its radius supplied so that they don't suffer attrition damage in enemy territory.
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 | Caravan - Built at the market, Caravans establish trade routes between your cities (and with enough research, other friendly cities). They are a good way to generate Wealth.
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 | Merchant - Merchants are built to take advantage of any rare resources in your territory.
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 | Fishermen - Fishermen can set up in the ocean to generate food and wealth for your nation.
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 | Transports - With a dock and the correct research, your ground troops will automatically enter transports when they cross the water, reducing micromanagement for you.
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