EXPLORATION
Pedro Alvares Cabral (portuguese discoverer of Brazil in 1500, which Europeans then filled with sugar plantations ... vanilla gives -50% travel time to and from Europe)
to +25% sugar production in all settlements, plus +1 Expert Sugar Planter
Vaco Nunez de Balboa (first expedition leader to reach and see the pacific ocean ... vanilla gives +25% defense in all settlements)
to +1 movement for all scouts
I suggest switching positions between Pedro and Vaco. +1 scout movement is more relevant in the early game and less powerful.
Jacques Marquette (french missionary who mapped the mississippi river ... vanilla gives +1 movement scouts)
to free promotion (Explorer I) to mounted units, plus +1 Jesuit Missionary
I believe it has to be shifted up and before Pedro on the list.
Alexander von Humboldt (explorer/scientist - creator of 'biogeography' ... vanilla gives +50% production of colleges and universities)
to +100% production of schoolhouses, colleges, and universities
As it is, I will always avoid Alex. What about a +20% education bonus, +50% production of college and uni bonus?
RELIGION
Bartolome de las Casas (spanish priest and bishop who voiced opposition to indian slavery & torture ... vanilla gives +50% conversion from natives)
to +25% conversion rate from missions, +1 relations with natives, one off auto-peace
Very good change, I will do my best to get this guy. Indian relations hurt me most in the early game.
William Brewster (pilgrim leader and pastor at Plymouth .. vanilla gives -25% cost to native lands)
to +50% construction of churches & cathedrals
I will always jump this guy for another. What a +20% cross bonus and 50% production bonus for churches and cathedrals?
Nathanial Hawthorne (puritan noveliston the morals of humankind ... vanilla gives +3 elder statesmen)
to +1 hammer per church, +2 hammer per cathedral
It may need a slight boosting.
Thomas Hooker (puritan minister of conneticut ... vanilla gives 3 jesuit missionaries)
to +1 Firebrand Preacher, plus +50% cross production
I think +50% cross production is very strong. What if the preacher goes with William?
William Penn (pacifist quaker, champion of democracy and religious freedom, founder of Pennsylvania ... vanilla gives +3 crosses per town hall, plus strengthens relations with natives)
to free church in all settlements
I wouldn’t take him, even if you give him to me for free. Especially if you consider he comes after Thomas, and he is so weak. This guy definitely needs serious boosting. What about free church and 20% cross bonus?
MILITARY
Chief Powhatan (warchief of powhatan indians ... vanilla gives +50% strength for converted natives)
to +50% strength for converted natives, and +1 movement for converted natives
I never bothered with this guy, I doubt I would ever have any convert in the very early game, and later on I would prefer to have soldiers and use converts as farmers, or my favourite straight in schoolhouses.
Chief Powhatan is indifferent to me, I will definitely skip him.
What about +1 movement for converted natives AND converts can be turned into soldiers and dragoons? So, I could make them soldiers without having to train them in schools.
Francisco Pizarro (conquistador, conqueror of peru and the incan empire ... vanilla gives Free promotion of Looter for Gunpowder Units)
to free promotion Looter (melee, gunpowder, mounted, seige units, plus Looter promotion doubled in strength to +100% gold from pillaging)
Is it effective? I don’t think I would ever rush for this guy.

What about a free treasure as well? Sounds more I am a crap, but I give you a cookie. Take me please!
Francisco de Coronado (first conquistador to visit the grand canyon ... vanilla gives +1 movement for Dragoons)
to free stockade in every colony
This guy is seriously underpowered. I can usually build a fort in one turn in my developed colonies, let alone a stockade.
What about free stockade and a +10% defense in all settlements?
John Paul Jones (americas first great naval leader ... vanilla gives Provides 1 Frigate)
to +1 Frigate, free promotion (Veteran I) for all Naval units
Thinking if he is going to make things too easy for us.
Ethan Allen (leader of the green mountain boys, guerilla revolutionaries who took vermont ... vanilla gives Free promotion of Ranger I and Mountaineer I for Gunpowder Units)
to Free promotion of Ranger I and Mountaineer I (Gunpowder Units)
Not of my interest. Needs boosting. What about of % increase production of muskets by tax rate?
TRADE
Peter Minuit (trader who bought manhattan for the equivalent of $24 ... vanilla gives -25% purchase cost in Europe)
to -60% cost of buying native land
Very good change. But 60% is excessive in my opinion. I would suggest 50%.
Lord Baltimore (settler, governor, proprietor of the Maryland colony - a catholic refuge in the english civil war ... vanilla gives increased cross production by tax rate)
to increases cross production by current tax rate, plus +25% construction of churches & cathedrals
William comes much later and he is not 1/10 as good as this guy. I would move him down the list, he looks too strong.
Alexander Hamilton (industrialist, nationalist, first secretary of the treasury, established import taxes ... vanilla gives +3 hammers per settlement)
to +1 hammer per settlement, increases hammer production by current tax rate
Hmmm… why +1 hammer per settlement? Increase production by tax rate is sufficiently strong in my opinion.
Eli Whitney (inventor of the cotton gin in 1793, a device which allows seeds to be speedily seperated and re-planted - device also strengthened the countries economic reliance on slavery ... vanilla gives +50% cotton in all settlements)
to +25% cotton in all settlements, plus +1 Expert Cotton Planter, plus +2 Indentured servant
+2 indentured servants? Quite strong. What about 1?
Adam Smith (the father of modern economics ... vanilla gives +50% hammers for production of cloth/rum/cigar/coat factories)
to +100% hammers for production of cloth/rum/cigar/coat factories
I will skip this guy. What if he gives also +1 hammer per settlement and 2 indentured servants?
POLITICS
Samuel Adams (republican, statesman, politician, writer, political philosopher, brewer, instrumental in garnering support of the colonies for rebellion against Britain ... vanilla gives Increases Liberty Bell production by the tax rate)
to increases liberty bell production by tax rate, plus increases gun production by tax rate
LB and guns production by tax rate!!!? OMG RUUUUUUUSH!!!! I would split this ability in two. What about drop muskets to Ethan?
Betsy Ross (seamstress said to have sewn the first American flag incorporating stars representing the first thirteen colonies ... vanilla gives +3 Cloth from Weaver's House, Weaver's Shop, and Textile Mill)
to +1 liberty bell, +1 cloth per weaver's house, +2 liberty bell, +2 cloth per Weaver's shop, +3 Liberty bell, +3 cloth per Textile mill
She rocks! Go Betsy Go! Never underestimate a woman… Hottest chick in town!
Washington Irving (America's first genuine internationally best-selling author ... vanilla gives +1 Liberty Bell per Schoolhouse, +2 Liberty Bells per College, +3 Liberty Bells per University)
to +50% education in all settlements
What if you make this 40% and give a 10% to the free churches guy?
James Madison (Father of the Bill of Rights, president and economic revivalist ... vanilla gives +3 Guns per Armory, Magazine, and Arsenal)
to +1 liberty bells per printing press, +2 liberty bells per newspaper, -20% cost of purchasing units in Europe
Looks somehow stronger than I would expect.
+ 20% + 10% from Jan de Witt becomes stronger than vanilla Pit who is 25%. Do we want this?
What do you guys think? What if we top the bells a bit, and drop a -10% cost to an underpowered guy eg Adam?
Ben Franklin (author, political theorist, scientist, inventor, statesman and diplomat who secured the french intervention ... vanilla gives +3 Liberty Bells per Printing Press and Newspaper )
to +1 galleon, +1 ship of the line +4 veteran soldiers, +4 cannons
What if you drop the galleon for more troops?